See also:

• HAMPSHIRE (or COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)

HAMPSHIRE (or See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

COUNTY OF See also:

• SOUTHAMPTON
• SOUTHAMPTON, EARL OF
• SOUTHAMPTON, HENRY WRIOTHESLEY, 3RD EARL OF (1J73—1624)

SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)  , a See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, bounded N. by See also:

• BERKSHIRE [abbreviated Berks, pronounced Berkshire]
• BERKSHIRE, THOMAS HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF (1587–1669)

Berkshire, E. by See also:

• SURREY
• SURREY, EARLDOM OF
• SURREY, HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF (1518?-1547)

Surrey and See also:

• SUSSEX
• SUSSEX, EARLS OF
• SUSSEX, KINGDOM OF (SO Seaxe, i.e. the South Saxons)
• SUSSEX, THOMAS RADCLYFFE [or RATCLYFFE], 3RD EARL OF (c. 1525-1583)

Sussex, S. by the See also:

• ENGLISH

English Channel, and W. by See also:

• DORSETSHIRE (DORSET)

Dorsetshire and See also:

• WILTSHIRE [WILTS]

Wiltshire . The See also:

• AREA

area is 1623.5 sq. m . From the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of the mainland, which is for the most See also:

• PART

part See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low and irregular, a strait, known in its western part as the See also:

• SOLENT, THE

Solent, and in its eastern as Spithead, separates the Isle of See also:

• WIGHT, ISLE OF

Wight . This See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island is included in the county . The inlet of See also:

• SOUTHAMPTON
• SOUTHAMPTON, EARL OF
• SOUTHAMPTON, HENRY WRIOTHESLEY, 3RD EARL OF (1J73—1624)

Southampton See also:

• WATER

Water opens from this strait, penetrating inland in a See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• WESTERLY

westerly direction for 12 m . The easterly part of the coast forms a large shallow See also:

• BAY

bay containing Hayling and Portsea Islands, which See also:

• DIVIDE

divide it into See also:

• CHICHESTER

Chichester See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

Harbour, Langston Harbour and See also:

• PORTSMOUTH
• PORTSMOUTH, EARLS OF
• PORTSMOUTH, LOUISE DE

Portsmouth Harbour . The westerly part forms the more See also:

• REGULAR

regular indentations of See also:

• CHRISTCHURCH

Christchurch Bay and part of See also:

• POOLE
• POOLE, MATTHEW (1624-1699)
• POOLE, PAUL FALCONER (1806-1879)
• POOLE, REGINALD STUART (1832-1895)

Poole Bay . In its See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general aspect See also:

• HAMPSHIRE (or COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)

Hampshire presents a beautiful variety of gently rising hills and fruitful, valleys, adorned with numerous mansions and pleasant villages, and interspersed with extensive tracts of woodland . Low ranges of hills, included in the See also:

• SYSTEM

system to which the general name of the Western See also:

• DOWNS

Downs is given, reach their greatest See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation in the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern and eastern parts of the county, where there are many picturesque eminences, of which See also:

• BEACON (from the O. Eng. beacn, a sign, cf. " beckon," another form of the same word)

Beacon, Sidown and See also:

• PILOT

Pilot hills near Highclere in the north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, each exceeding 85o ft., are the highest . The portion of the county west of Southampton Water is almost wholly included in the New See also:

• FOREST

Forest, a sequestered See also:

• DISTRICT

district, one of the few remaining examples of an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient afforested See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract . The See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• AVON

Avon in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-west rises in Wiltshire, and passing Fordingbridge and See also:

• RINGWOOD

Ringwood falls into Christchurch Bay below Christchurch, being joined See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close to its mouth by the See also:

• STOUR

Stour . The See also:

• LYMINGTON

Lymington or Boldre river rises in the New Forest, and after See also:

• COLLECTING

collecting the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of several See also:

• BROOKS, CHARLES WILLIAM SHIRLEY (1816-1874)
• BROOKS, PHILLIPS (1835-1893)

brooks falls into the Solent through Lymington See also:

• CREEK
• CREEK (Mid. Eng. crike or creke, common to many N. European languages)

Creek .

The See also:

• BEAULIEU

Beaulieu in the eastern part of the forest also enters the Solent by way of a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and picturesque See also:

• ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

estuary . The Test rises near Overton in the north, and after its junction with the Anton at See also:

• FULLERTON, LADY GEORGIANA CHARLOTTE (1812-1885)

Fullerton passes See also:

• STOCKBRIDGE

Stockbridge and See also:

• ROMSEY

Romsey, and enters the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of Southampton Water . The Itchen rises near Alresford, and flowing by See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester and Eastleigh falls into Southampton Water See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of Southampton . The Hamble rises near Bishops See also:

• WALTHAM

Waltham, and soon forms a narrow estuary opening into Southampton Water . The Wey, the Loddon and the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black-water, rising in the north-eastern part of the county, bring that part into the See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin of the See also:

• THAMES

Thames . The streams from the See also:

• CHALK

chalk hills run clear and See also:

• SWIFT
• SWIFT, JONATHAN (1667—1745)

swift, and the See also:

• TROUT (Salmo trutta)

trout-fishing in the county is famous . See also:

• SALMON
• SALMON, GEORGE (1819-1904)

Salmon are taken in the Avon . See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

Geology.—Somewhat to the north of the centre of the county is a broad expanse of hilly chalk See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country about 21 m. wide; the whole of it has been See also:

• BENT
• BENT (E1. BENI)
• BENT, JAMES THEODORE (1852–1897)

bent up into a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• FOLD

fold so that the strata on the north See also:

• DIP (Old Eng. dyppan, connected with the common Teutonic root seen in " deep ")

dip northward steeply in places, while those on the south dip in the opposite direction more gently . In the north the chalk disappears beneath See also:

• TERTIARY

Tertiary strata of the " See also:

• LONDON

London Basin," and some little distance south of Winchester it runs in a similar manner beneath the See also:

• TERTIARIES (Lat. tertiarii, from tertius, third)

Tertiaries of the " Hampshire Basin." Scattered here and there over the chalk are small outlying remnants which remain to show that the two Tertiary areas were once continuous, before the agencies of denudation had removed them from the chalk . These same agencies have exposed the strata beneath the chalk over a small area on the eastern border . The See also:

• OLDEST

oldest formation in Hampshire is the See also:

• LOWER

Lower See also:

• GREENSAND

Greensand in the neighbourhood of Woolmer Forest and See also:

• PETERSFIELD

Petersfield ; it is represented by the See also:

• HYTHE

Hythe beds, sandstones and limestones which See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the high See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge which runs on towards See also:

• HIND

Hind Head, then by the sands and See also:

• CLAYS, PAUL JEAN (1819-1900)

clays of the See also:

• SANDGATE

Sandgate beds which See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie in the low ground west of the ridge, and finally by the See also:

• FOLKESTONE

Folkestone beds; all these dip westward beneath the See also:

• GAULT

Gault . The last-named formation, a See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay, worked here and there for bricks, crops out as a narrow See also:

• BAND

band from See also:

• FAREHAM

Fareham through Worldham and See also:

• STROUD

Stroud See also:

• COMMON

common to Petersfield .

Between the Gault and the chalk is the Upper Greensand with' a hard See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed of calcareous See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone, the Maim See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock, which stands up in places as a prominent escarpment . The Upper Greensand is also exposed at Burghclere as an inlier; the rocks are bent into a See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp anticline and the chalk, having been denuded from its See also:

• CREST
• CREST (Lat. crista, a plume or tuft)

crest, the older sandy strata are brought to See also:

• LIGHT

light . A much more See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

gentle anticline brings up the chalk through the Tertiary rocks in the neighbourhood of Farehatn . Besides occupying the central region already mentioned, which includes See also:

• BASINGSTOKE

Basingstoke, See also:

• WHITCHURCH

Whitchurch, See also:

• ANDOVER

Andover, Alresford and Winchester, the chalk appears also in a small patch See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round Rockbourne . The Tertiary rocks of the north (London basin) about See also:

• FARNBOROUGH
• FARNBOROUGH, THOMAS ERSKINE MAY, BARON (1815-1886)

Farnborough, See also:

• ALDERSHOT

Aldershot and Kingsclere, comprise the See also:

• READING

Reading beds, London clay and the more sandy Bagshot beds which See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover the latter in many places, giving rise to heathy See also:

• COMMONS

commons . The southern Tertiary rocks of the Hampshire basin include the Lower See also:

• EOCENE (Gr. *In, dawn, icauvos, recent)

Eocene Reading beds—used for See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick-making—and the London clay which extend from the boundary of the chalk by Romsey, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop's Waltham, to See also:

• HAVANT

Havant . These are succeeded towards the south by the Upper Eocene beds, the Bracklesham beds and the See also:

• BARTON, BENJAMIN SMITH (1766-1815)
• BARTON, BERNARD (1784–1849)
• BARTON, CLARA (1821– )
• BARTON, ELIZABETH (c. 1506–1534)

Barton clay . The Barton clays are noted for their abundant fossils and the Bagshot beds at See also:

• BOURNEMOUTH

Bournemouth contain numerous remains of subtropical See also:

• PLANTS

plants . A See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of clays and sands of Oligocene See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age (unknown in the London basin) are found in the vicinity of Lymington, Brockenhurst and Beaulieu; they include the Headon beds, with a fiuvio-marine See also:

• FAUNA

fauna, well exposed at Hord-well cliffs, and the marine beds of Brockenhurst . Numerous small outliers of Tertiary rocks are scattered over the chalk area, and many of the chalk and Tertiary areas are obscured by patches of See also:

• PLEISTOCENE

Pleistocene deposits of brick See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth and See also:

• GRAVEL, or PEBBLE BEDS

gravel . See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture and See also:

• INDUSTRIES

Industries.—Nearly seven-tenths of the See also:

• TOTAL

total area is undercultivation (an amount below the See also:

• AVERAGE

average of English counties) and of this area about two-fifths is in permanent pasture . The acreage under oats is roughly equal to that under See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat and See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley .

Small quantities of See also:

• RYE

rye and hops are cultivated . Barley is usually sown after turnips, and is more grown in the uplands than in the lower levels . Beans, See also:

• PEASE, EDWARD (1767–1858)

pease and potatoes are only grown to a small extent . On See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the number of See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep pastured on the uplands a large acreage of turnips is grown . Rotation See also:

• GRASSES

grasses are grown chiefly in the uplands, and their acreage is greater than in any other of the southern counties of England . Sanfoin is the grass most largely grown, as it is best adapted to See also:

• LAND

land with a calcareous subsoil . In the lower levels no sanfoin and scarcely any See also:

• CLOVER

clover is grown, the See also:

• HAY
• HAY (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Heu, Dutch hooi; the root from which it is derived, meaning " to cut," is also seen in " to hew "; cf. " hoe ")
• HAY, GEORGE (1729—1811)
• HAY, GILBERT
• HAY, JOHN (1838–1905)

hay being supplied from the See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich water meadows, which are managed with great skill and See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention, and give the best See also:

• MONEY

money return of any lands in the county . Where a rapid stream of water can be passed over them during the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter it seldom becomes frozen, and the grasses grow during the See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather so as to be See also:

• FIT

fit for pasture before any traces of vegetation appear in the surrounding See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields . Hops are grown in the eastern part of the county bordering on Surrey . Farming is generally conducted on the best See also:

• MODERN

modern principles, but owing to the varieties of See also:

• SOIL

soil there is perhaps no county in England in which the rotation observed is more diversified, or the processes and methods more varied . Most of the farms are large, and there are a number of See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model farms . The See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste land has been mostly brought under tillage, but a very large acreage of the ancient forests is still occupied by See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood .

In addition to the New Forest there are in the east Woolmer Forest and Alice See also:

• HOLT, SIR JOHN (1642–1710)

Holt, in the south-east the Forest of Bere and Waltham See also:

• CHASE
• CHASE, SALMON PORTLAND (1808-1873)
• CHASE, SAMUEL (1741–1811)
• CHASE, WILLIAM MERRITT (1849– )

Chase, and in the Isle of Wight Parkhurst Forest . Thg See also:

• HONEY (Chin. me ; Sansk. madhu, mead, honey; cf. A.S. medo, medu, mead; Gr. p Xt, in which 0 or b is changed into X; Lat. mel ; Fr. miel ; A.S. hung ; Ger. Honig)

honey of the county is especially celebrated . Much attention is paid to the rearing of sheep and See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle . The See also:

• ORIGINAL

original breed of sheep was See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white-faced with horns, but most of the flocks are now of a Southdown variety which have acquired certain distinct peculiarities, and are known as " See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short wools " or " Hampshire downs." Cattle are of no distinctive breed, and are kept largely for See also:

• DAIRY

dairy purposes, especially for the See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of See also:

• MILK (0. Eng. meoluc; from a common Indo-European root, cf. Lat. mulgere, Gr. ?t dXyetv)

milk . The breeding and rearing of horses is widely practised, and the fattening of pigs has long been an important See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry . The original breed of pigs is crossed with Berkshire, See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex and See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese pigs . In the vicinity of the forest the pigs are fed on acorns and beechmast, and the flesh of those so reared is considered the best, though the reputation of Hampshire See also:

• BACON
• BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
• BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
• BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
• BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
• BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
• BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)

bacon depends chiefly on the skilful manner in which it is cured . The manufactures are unimportant, except those carried on at Portsmouth and See also:

• GOSPORT

Gosport in connexion with the royal See also:

• NAVY

navy . Southampton is one of the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal ports in the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . In many of the towns there are breweries and tanneries, and See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper is manufactured at several places . See also:

• FANCY (a shortened form, dating from the 15th century, of " fantasy," which is derived through the O. Fr. fantasie, modern fantaisie. from the Latinized form of the Gr. cbavraoia, Oavrai'ecv, Oat Pais, to show)

Fancy pottery and terra-See also:

• COTTA
• COTTA, BERNHARD VON (1808—1879)
• COTTA, GAIUS AURELIUS (c. 124—73 B.c.)

cotta are made at Fareham and Bishop's Waltham; and Ringwood is celebrated for its knitted gloves . At most of the coast towns fishing is carried on, and there are See also:

• OYSTER

oyster beds at Hayling Island .

See also:

• COWES

Cowes in the Isle of Wight is the station of the Royal Yacht See also:

• SQUADRON

Squadron, and has See also:

• BUILDING

building yards for yachts and large vessels . The principal seaside resorts besides those in the Isle of Wight are Bournemouth, See also:

• MILFORD

Milford, See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee-onthe-Solent, See also:

• SOUTHSEA

Southsea and South Hayling . Aldershot is the principal military training centre in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Isles . Communications.—Communications are provided mainly by the lines of the London & South-Western railway See also:

• COMPANY

company, which also owns the docks at Southampton . The See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• LINE

line serves Farnborough, Basingstoke, Whitchurch and Andover, and a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch diverges southward from Basingstoke for Winchester, Southampton and the New Forest and Bournemouth . An alternative line from eastward903 to Winchester serves Aldershot, See also:

• ALTON

Alton and Alresford . The main Portsmouth line skirts the south-eastern border by Petersfield to Havant, where it joins the Portsmouth line of the London, See also:

• BRIGHTON

Brighton & South Coast railway . The South-Western system also connects Portsmouth and Gosport with Southampton, has numerous branches in the Southampton and south-western districts, and large See also:

• WORK

work shops at Eastleigh near Southampton . The Great Western company serves Basingstoke from Reading and Whitchurch, Winchester and Southampton from Didcot (working the Didcot, See also:

• NEWBURY

Newbury & Southampton line); the Midland & South-Western junction line connects Andover with See also:

• CHELTENHAM

Cheltenham; and the See also:

• SOMERSET, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SOMERSET, EDMUND BEAUFORT, DUKE OF (c. 1404–1455)
• SOMERSET, EDWARD SEYMOUR, DUKE OF (c. 1506–1552)
• SOMERSET, LORD ROBERT EDWARD HENRY (1776-1842)
• SOMERSET, ROBERT CARR (or KER), EARL OF (e. 1590-1645)

Somerset & See also:

• DORSET, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF

Dorset (also a Midland & South-Western See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint line) connects Bournemouth with See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath—all these affording through communications between Southampton, Bournemouth, and the midlands and north of England . None of the See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, except in the estuarine parts, is navigable . See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

Population and See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

Administration.—The area of the ancient county is 1,039,031 acres, including the Isle of Wight . The population was 690,097 in 1891 and 797,634 in 1901 .

The area of the administrative county of Southampton is 958,742 acres, and that of the administrative county of the Isle of Wight 94,068 acres . The county is divided for See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary purposes into the following divisions: Northern or Basingstoke, Western or Andover, Eastern or Petersfield, Southern or Fareham, New Forest, and Isle of Wight, each returning one member . It also includes the parliamentary boroughs of Portsmouth and Southampton, each returning two members, and of Christchurch and Winchester, each returning one . There are 11 municipal boroughs: Andover (pop . 6509), Basingstoke (9793), Bournemouth (59,762), Christchurch (4204), Lymington (4165), Portsmouth (188,133), Romsey (4365), Southampton (104,824), Winchester (20,929), and in the Isle of Wight, See also:

• NEWPORT

Newport (10,911) and See also:

• RYDE

Ryde (11,043) . Bournemouth, Portsmouth and Southampton are county boroughs . The following are See also:

• URBAN
• URBAN (Urbanus)

urban districts: Aldershot (30,974), Alton (5479), Eastleigh and Bishopstoke (9317), Fareham (8246), Farnborough (11,500), Gosport and Alverstoke (28,884), Havant (3837), Itchen (13,097), Petersfield (3265), Warblington (3639); and in the Isle of Wight, Cowes (8652), East Cowes (3196), St See also:

• HELEN

Helen's (4652), See also:

• SANDOWN

Sandown (5006), See also:

• SHANKLIN

Shanklin (4533), See also:

• VENTNOR

Ventnor (5866) . The county is in the western See also:

• CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit, and assizes are held at Winchester . It has one See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter sessions, and is divided into 14 See also:

• PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

petty sessional divisions . The boroughs of Andover, Basing-stoke, Bournemouth, Lymington, Newport, Portsmouth, Romsey, Ryde, Southampton (a county in itself) and Winchester have See also:

• SEPARATE

separate commissions of the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace, and the boroughs of Andover, Bournemouth, Portsmouth, Southampton and Winchester have in addition separate courts of quarter sessions . There are 394 See also:

• CIVIL

civil parishes . Hampshire is in the See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese of Winchester, excepting small parts in those of See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford and See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury, and contains 411 ecclesiastical parishes or districts wholly or in part .

See also:

• HISTORY

History.—The earliest English settlers in the district which is now Hampshire were a Jutish tribe who occupied the northern parts of the Isle of Wight and the valleys of the Meon and the Hamb]e . Their settlements were, however, unimportant, and soon became absorbed in the territory of the West See also:

• SAXONS

Saxons who in 495 landed at the mouth of the Itchen under the leadership of See also:

• CERDIC (d. 534)

Cerdic and Cynric, and in 5o8 slew 5000 Britons and their See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king . But it was not until after another decisive victory at Charford in 519 that the district was definitely organized as West Saxon territory under the See also:

• RULE

rule of Cerdic and Cynric, thus becoming the See also:

• NUCLEUS (Lat. for the kernal of a nut, nux, the stone of fruit)

nucleus of the vast later kingdom of Wessex . The Isle of Wight was subjugated in 530 and bestowed on Stuf and Wihtgar, the nephews of Cerdic . The Northmen made their first attack on the Hampshire coast in 835, and for the two centuries following the district was the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of perpetual devastations by the Danish pirates, who made their headquarters in the Isle of Wight, from which theyplundered the opposite coast . Hampshire suffered less from the See also:

• CONQUEST

Conquest than almost any English county, and was a favourite resort of the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings . The alleged destruction of See also:

• PROPERTY

property for the formation of the New Forest is refuted by the Domesday See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record, which shows that this district had never been under cultivation . In the civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen's reign See also:

• BALDWIN, JAMES MARK (1861– )
• BALDWIN, ROBERT (1804–1858)

Baldwin de Redvers, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of the Isle of Wight, supported the empress See also:

• MATILDA (1046-1115)
• MATILDA (1102-1164)

Matilda, and Winchester See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle was secured in her behalf by See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert of See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester, while the neighbouring fortress of Wolvesey was held for Stephen by Bishop See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry de See also:

• BLOIS

Blois . In 1216 See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, having arrived in the county by invitation of the barons, occupied Winchester Castle, and only met with resistance at Odiham Castle, which made a brave stand against him for fifteen days . During the See also:

• WARS

Wars of the See also:

• ROSES, WARS OF THE

Roses See also:

• ANTHONY, SAINT
• ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL (1820-1906)

Anthony Woodville, 2nd See also:

• EARL

earl Rivers, defeated the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• CLARENCE, DUKES OF

Clarence at Southampton, and in 1471, after the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• BARNET

Barnet, the countess of See also:

• WARWICK
• WARWICK, EARLS OF
• WARWICK, RICHARD BEAUCHAMP, EARL OF (1382—1439)
• WARWICK, RICHARD NEVILLE, EARL OF (1428—1471)
• WARWICK, SIR PHILIP (1609-1683)
• WARWICK, SIR ROBERT RICH, 2ND EARL OF (1587–1658)

Warwick took See also:

• SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

sanctuary at Beaulieu See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief events connected with Hampshire in the Civil War of the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century were the gallant resistance of the See also:

• CAVALIER
• CAVALIER, JEAN (1681-1740)

cavalier garrisons at Winchester and Basing See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House; a skirmish near Cheriton in 1644 notable as the last battle fought on Hampshire soil; and the concealment of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles at Titchfield in 1647 before his removal to See also:

• CARISBROOKE

Carisbrooke . The duke of See also:

• MONMOUTH (Welsh Mynwy)
• MONMOUTH, BATTLE OF (1778)
• MONMOUTH, JAMES SCOTT
• MONMOUTH, ROBERT CAREY, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1560-1639)

Monmouth, whose See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion met with considerable support in Hampshire, was captured in 1685 near Ringwood .

Hampshire was among the earliest shires to be created, and must have received its name before the revival of Winchester in the latter See also:

• HALF

half of the 7th century . It is first mentioned in the Saxon See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

chronicle in 755, at which date the boundaries were practically those of the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . The Domesday Survey mentions 44 hundreds in Hampshire, but by the 14th century the number had been reduced to 37 . The hundreds of East See also:

• MEDINA
• MEDINA, JOSE TORIBIO (1852- )

Medina and West Medina in the Isle of Wight are mentioned in 1316 . Constables of the hundreds were first appointed by the See also:

• STATUTE

Statute of Winchester in 1285, and the See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred court continued to elect a high See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

constable for Fordingbridge until 1878 . The chief court of the Isle of Wight was the Knighten court held at Newport every three See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks . The See also:

• SHERIFF

sheriff's court and the assizes and quarter sessions for the county were formerly held at Winchester, but in 1831 the county was divided into 14 petty sessional divisions; the quarter sessions for the county were held at Andover; and Portsmouth, Southampton and Winchester had separate See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction . Southampton was made a county by itself with a separate sheriff in 1447 . In the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 7th century Hampshire formed part of the West Saxon bishopric of See also:

• DORCHESTER
• DORCHESTER, DUDLEY CARLETON, VISCOUNT (1573-1632)
• DORCHESTER, GUY CARLETON

Dorchester-on-Thames . On the transference of the episcopal seat to Winchester in 676 it was included in that diocese in which it has remained ever since . In 1291 the archdeaconry of Winchester was coextensive with the county and comprised the ten rural deaneries of Alresford, Alton, Andover, Basingstoke, Drokinsford, Fordingbridge, Isle of Wight, Somboutne, Southampton and Winchester . In 185o the Isle of Wight was subdivided into the deaneries of East Medina and West Medina .

In 1856 the deaneries were increased to 24 . In 1871 the archdeaconry of the Isle of Wight was constituted, and about the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the deaneries were reduced to 21 . In 1892 the deaneries were reconstituted and made 18 in number, and the archdeaconry of the Isle of Wight was divided into the deaneries of East Wight and West Wight . After the Conquest the most powerful Hampshire See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

baron was See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Fitz-Osbern, who in addition to the lordship of the Isle of Wight held considerable estates on the mainland . At the time of the Domesday Survey the chief landholders were See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh de See also:

• PORT

Port, ancestor of the Fitz-Johns; Ralf de See also:

• MORTIMER (Family)

Mortimer; William Mauduit whose name is preserved in See also:

• HARTLEY, DAVID (1705–1757)
• HARTLEY, JONATHAN SCOTT (1845– )
• HARTLEY, SIR CHARLES AUGUSTUS (1825– )

Hartley Mauditt; and Waleran, called the See also:

• HUNTSMAN, BENJAMIN (1704-1776)

Huntsman, ancestor of the Waleraund See also:

• FAMILY

family . Hursley near Winchester was the seat of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell; and See also:

• GILBERT
• GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
• GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
• GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
• GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
• GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
• GILBERT, J
• GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
• GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
• GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
• GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
• GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
• GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )

Gilbert White, the naturalist, was See also:

• CURATE (from the Lat. curare, to take care of)

curate of Farringdon near See also:

• SELBORNE
• SELBORNE, ROUNDELL PALMER, 1ST EARL
• SELBORNE, WILLIAM WALDEGRAVE PALMER, 2ND EARL OF (18J9- )

Selborne . Apart from the valuable See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign and See also:

• SHIPBUILDING

shipbuilding See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade which See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew up with the development of its ports, Hampshire has always been mainly an agricultural county, the only important manufacture being that of See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool and See also:

• CLOTH

cloth, which prospered at Winchester in the 12th century and survived till within See also:

• RECENT

recent years . See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

Salt-making and the manufacture of See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron from native ironstone also flourished in Hampshire from pre-Norman times until within the 19th century . In the 14th century Southampton had a valuable trade with See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice, and from the 15th to the 18th century many famous warships were constructed in its docks . See also:

• SILK

Silk-See also:

• WEAVING

weaving was formerly carried on at Winchester, Andover, Odiham, Alton, Whitchurch and Overton, the first See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills being set up in 1684 at Southampton by See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French refugees . The paper manufacture at Laverstoke was started by the Portals, a family of Huguenot refugees, in 1685, and a few years later See also:

• HENRI

Henri de Portal obtained the See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege of supplying the See also:

• BANK

bank-See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note paper to the Bank of England . Hampshire returned four members to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament in 1295, when the boroughs of New Alresford, Alton, Andover, Basingstoke, Overton, Portsmouth, Southampton, Winchester, Yarmouthand Newport were also represented .

After this date the county was represented by two members, but most of the boroughs ceased to make returns . Odiham and the Isle of Wight were represented in 1300, Fareham in 1306, and See also:

• PETERS (or PETER), HUGH (1598–166o)
• PETERS, KARL (1856– )

Peters-See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field in 1307 . From 1311 to 1547 Southampton, Portsmouth, and Winchester were the only boroughs represented . By the end of the 16th century Petersfield, Newport, See also:

• YARMOUTH
• YARMOUTH (GREAT YARMOUTH)

Yarmouth, and Andover had regained See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation, and Stockbridge, Christchurch, Lymington, See also:

• NEWTOWN
• NEWTOWN (Welsh Drefnewydd, with the same meaning, formerly Llanfair Cedewain)

Newtown and Whitchurch returned two members each, giving the county with its boroughs a total representation of 26 members . Under the Reform See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act of 1832 the county returned four members in four divisions; Christchurch and Petersfield lost one member each; and Newtown, Yarmouth, Stockbridge and Whitchurch were disfranchised . By the act of 1868 Andover, Lymington and Newport were deprived of one member each . Antiquities.—Hampshire is rich in monastic remains . Those considered under separate headings include the monastery of See also:

• HYDE
• HYDE, THOMAS (1636-1703)

Hyde near Winchester, the magnificent churches at Christchurch and Romsey, the ruins of See also:

• NETLEY

Netley Abbey, and of Beaulieu Abbey in the New Forest, the fragments of the priory of St Denys, Southampton, the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church at Porchester and the slight ruins at Titchfield, near Fareham, and Quarr Abbey in the Isle of, Wight . Other See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations, of which the remains are slight, were the Augustinian priory of Southwick near Fareham, founded by William of Wykeham; that of Breamore, founded by Baldwin de Redvers; and that of Mottisfont near Romsey, endowed soon after the Conquest . There are many churches of See also:

• INTEREST

interest, apart from the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral church of Winchester and those in some of the towns in the Isle of Wight, or already mentioned in connexion with monastic foundations . Pre-Conquest work is well shown in the churches of Corhampton and Breamore, and very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• MASONRY

masonry is also found in Headbourne Worthy church, where is also a See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass of the 15th century to a See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar of Winchester See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College in collegiate See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress . The most noteworthy Norman churches are at Chilcombe and Kingsclere and (with Early English additions) at Brockenhurst, Upper Clatford, which has the unusual arrangement of a See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double See also:

• CHANCEL (through O. Fr. from Lat. plur. cancelli, dim. of cancer, grating, lattice, probably connected with an Indo-European root Kar-, to bend; cf. circus, curve, &c.)

chancel See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch, Hambledon, Milford and East Meon .

Principally Early English are the churches of Cheriton, Grately, which retains some excellent contemporary stained See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass from Salisbury cathedral; Sopley, which is partly Perpendicular; and Thruxton, which contains a brass to See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• LISLE, ALICE (c. 1614-1685)

Lisle (d . 1407), affording a very early example of See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• PLATE

plate See also:

• ARMOUR, PHILIP DANFORTH (1832-1901)

armour . Specimens of the later styles are generally less remarkable . The frescoes in Bramley church; ranging in date from the 13th to the 15th century, include a representation of the See also:

• MURDER

murder of See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas a Beckett . A See also:

• FINE

fine series of Norman fonts in black See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble should be mentiohed; they occur in Winchester cathedral and the churches of St See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael, Southampton, East Meon and St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary See also:

• BOURNE (southern form of burn, Teutonic born, bran, burna)
• BOURNE, or BOURN
• BOURNE, VINCENT (1695-1747)

Bourne . The most notable old castles are Carisbrooke in the Isle of Wight; Porchester, a fine Norman stronghold embodying See also:

• ROMAN

Roman remains, on Portsmouth Harbour; and See also:

• HURST, JOHN FLETCHER (1834-1903)

Hurst, guarding the mouth of the Solent, where for a short time Charles I. was imprisoned . Henry VIII. built several forts to guard the Solent, Spithead and Southampton Water; Hurst Castle was one, and others remaining, but adapted to various purposes, are at Cowes,- Calshot and Netley . Fine mansions are unusually numerous . That of Stratfieldsaye or Strathfieldsaye, which belonged to the See also:

• PITT, THOMAS (1653-1726)
• PITT, WILLIAM (1759-1806)

Pitt family, was See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased by parliament for presentation to the duke of See also:

• WELLINGTON
• WELLINGTON, ARTHUR WELLESLEY, 1ST DUKE OF (1769-1852)

Wellington in 1817, his descendants holding the See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate from the See also:

• CROWN

Crown in See also:

• CONSIDERATION (from Lat. considerare, to look at closely, examine, generally taken to be from con-, and the base seen in sidus, sideris, a star, the word being supposed to be originally an astrological or astronomical term)

consideration of the See also:

• ANNUAL

annual See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute of a See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

flag to the guard-See also:

• ROOM

room at See also:

• WINDSOR
• WINDSOR (properly NEw WINDSOR)

Windsor . A statue of the duke stands in the grounds, and his war-See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse " See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen " is buried here . The name of Tichborne See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park, near Alresford, is well known in connexion with the famous claimant of the estates whose See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case was heard in 1871 . Among ancient mansions the Jacobean Bramshill is conspicuous, lying near Stratfieldsaye in the north of the county .

It is built of See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone and is highly decorated, and though the complete original See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design was not carried out the house is among the finest of its type in England . At Bishops Waltham, a small See also:

• TOWN

town to m . S.S.E. of Winchester, Henry de Blois, bishop of Winchester, erected a See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace, which received additions from William of Wykeham, who died here in 1404, and from other bishops . The ruins are picturesque but not extensive . See See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria County History, " Hampshire," R . See also:

• WARNER, OLIN LEVI (1844-1896)
• WARNER, SETH (1743-1784)
• WARNER, WILLIAM (1558?-16o9)

Warner, Collections for the History of Hampshire; &c . (London, 1789); H . See also:

• MOODY, DWIGHT LYMAN (RYTHER) (1837-1899)

Moody, Hampshire in io86 (1862), and the same author's Antiquarian and Topographical Sketches (1846), and Notes and Essays See also:

• RELATING

relating to the Counties of Hants and Wilts (1851); R . See also:

• MUDIE, CHARLES EDWARD (1818—189o)

Mudie, Hampshire, &c . (3 vols., Winchester, 1838) ; B . B . See also:

• WOODWARD, JOHN
• WOODWARD, SAMUEL (179o-1838)

Woodward, T .

C . Wilks and C . See also:

• LOCKHART, JOHN GIBSON (1794–1854)
• LOCKHART, QEORGE (1673-1731)
• LOCKHART, SIR WILLIAM STEPHEN ALEXANDER (1841–1900)

Lockhart, General History of Hampshire (1861—1869) ; G . N . See also:

• GODWIN, FRANCIS (1562-1633)
• GODWIN, MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT (1759-1797)
• GODWIN, WILLIAM

Godwin, The Civil War in Hampshire, 1642—1645 (London, 1882); H . M . Gilbert and G . N . Godwin, Bibliotheca Hantoniensis (Southampton, 1891) . See also various papers in Hampshire Notes and Queries (Winchester, 1883 et seq.) .