Online Encyclopedia

Encyclopedia Home

HANKOW (" Mouth of the Han ")

MARCUS ALONZO HANNA (1837-1904)

JAMES HANNAY (1827—1873)

BARON JAMES HANNEN HANNEN (1821-1894)

HANNIBAL (" mercy " or " favour of Baal ")

JAMES HANNINGTON (1847-1885)

ALBERT AUGUSTE GABRIEL HANOTAUX (1853– )

HANOVER (Ger. Hannover)

FRANCOIS HANRIOT (1761-1794)

LUKE HANSARD (1752-1828)

HANSEATIC LEAGUE

PETER ANDREAS HANSEN (1795-1874)

JOSEPH ALOYSIUS HANSOM (1803-1882)

SIR RICHARD DAVIES HANSON (1805–1876)

CHRISTOPHER HANSTEEN (1784–1873)

JONAS HANWAY (1712–1786)

HAPARANDA (Finnish Haaparanta, " Aspen Shore ")

HAPLODRILI (so called by Lankester)

HAPTARA (lit. conclusion)

HARBIN, or KHARBIN

HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

1ST VISCOUNT SIMON HARCOURT HARCOURT (c. 1661-1727)

SIR WILLIAM GEORGE GRANVILLE VENABLES VERNON HARCOURT (1827-1904)

WILLIAM VERNON HARCOURT (1789-1871)

HARDANGER FJORD

WILLIAM JOSEPH HARDEE (1815-1873)

PRINCE KARL AUGUST VON HARDENBERG (1750-1822)

HARDICANUTE [more correctly HARDACNUT] (c. 1019-1042)

CHESTER HARDING (1792-1866)

JAMES DUFFIELD HARDING (1798-1863)

VISCOUNT HENRY HARDINGE HARDINGE (1785-1856)

JEAN HARDOUIN (1646-1729)

HERMANN VON DER HARDT (166o-1746)

HARDWAR, or HURDWAR

1ST EARL PHILIP YORKE HARDWICKE

HARDY BIENNIALS

HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS

HARDY TREES AND SHRUBS

ALEXANDRE HARDY (1569?-1631)

SIR THOMAS DUFFUS HARDY (1804-1878)

SIR THOMAS MASTERMAN HARDY

THOMAS HARDY (1840- )

SIR JOHN HARE (1844– )

HAREBELL (sometimes wrongly written HAIItBELL)

SIR JOHN HARINGTON (1561—1612)

HARITH IBN HILLIZA

JUDAH BEN SOLOMON HARIZI (13th cent.)

ALBERT HARKNESS (1822—1907)

ROBERT HARKNESS (1816—1878)

JAMES HARLAN (1820-1899)

JOHN MARSHALL HARLAN (1833- )

HENRY HARLAND (1861-19o5)

FRANCOIS DE HARLAY DE CHAMPVALLON (1625-1695)

HARLECH (perhaps for Hardd lech, fair slate, or Harleigh, an Anglicized variant)

HARLESS (originally HARLES), GOTTLIEB CHRISTOPH (1738–1815)

GOTTLIEB CHRISTOPH ADOLF VON HARLESS (1806–1879)

HARMONIC ANALYSIS

HARMONIC SERIES IN

HARMONIC SERIES OF THE CONTRABASS BOMBARDON IN C

HARMONIUM (Fr. harmonium, orgue expressif; Ger. Physharmonika, Harmonium)

HARMONY (Gr. dpµovia, a concord of musical sounds, dpA'ew to join; &plan midi (sc. TeXvil)

CLAUS HARMS (1778-1855)

ADOLF HARNACK (1851– )

HARNESS (from O. Fr. harneis or harnois; the ultimate origin is obscure; the Celtic origin which connects it with the Welsh haiarn, iron, has phonetic and other difficulties; the French is the origin of the Span. arnes, and Ger. Harnisch)

CLAMEUR DE HARO

HARP (Fr. harpe; Ger. Harfe; Ital. arpa)

HARPIES (Gr. "Aplrvcar, older form 'Apiarucar, " swift robbers ")

HENRI HARPIGNIES (1819– )

VALERIUS HARPOCRATION

HARPOON (from Fr. harpon, a grappling-iron, O. Fr. harpy, a dog's claw, an iron clamp for fastening stones together; the source of these words is the Lat. harpago, harpa, &c., formed from Gr. apaayit, hook, apsrh c , to snatch, tear away, cf. " harpy ")

DOUBLE VIRGINALS HARPSICON HARPSICHORD (Fr. clavecin; Ger. Clavicymbel, Kiel-Flugel; Ital. arpicordo, cembalo, davicembalo, gravecembalo; Dutch, davisinbal)

HARRAR (or HARAR)

EDWARD HARRIGAN (1845– )

EDWARD HENRY HARRIMAN (1848—1909)

EARLS OF HARRINGTON

HARRINGTON, or HARINGTON, JAMES (16'1-'677)

HARRIOT, or HARRIOTT, THOMAS (156o–1621)

1ST BARON GEORGE HARRIS (1746–1829)

JAMES HARRIS (1709-1780)

JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS (1848-1908)

JOHN HARRIS (c. 1666-1719)

SIR WILLIAM SNOW HARRIS

THOMAS LAKE HARRIS (1823-1906)

WILLIAM TORREY HARRIS (1835-1909)

BENJAMIN HARRISON

FREDERIC HARRISON (1831— )

JOHN HARRISON (1693—1776)

THOMAS HARRISON (16o6-166o)

THOMAS ALEXANDER HARRISON (1853– )

WILLIAM HARRISON (1534–1593)

WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON (1773–1841)

OF 1ST EARL DUDLEY RYDER HARROWBY (1762–1847)

HARROWING OF HELL

HARRY THE MINSTREL, or BLIND HARRY (fl. 1470-1492)

GEORG PHILIPP HARSDORFFER (1607-1658)

HARSHA, or HARSHAVARDHANA (fl. A.D. 606-648)

SAMUEL HARSNETT (1561–1631)

ALBERT BUSHNELL HART (1854– )

CHARLES HART (d. 1683)

ERNEST ABRAHAM HART (1835–1898)

SIR ROBERT HART

WILLIAM HART (1823–1894)

FRANCIS BRET HARTE (1839–1902)

GEORG LUDWIG HARTIG (1764-1837)

DAVID HARTLEY (1705–1757)

JONATHAN SCOTT HARTLEY (1845– )

SIR CHARLES AUGUSTUS HARTLEY (1825– )

SAMUEL HARTLIB (c. 1599–c. 1670)

HARTMANN VON AUE (c. 1170-c. 1210)

KARL ROBERT EDUARD VON HARTMANN (1842–1906)

MORITZ HARTMANN (1821–1872)

SPIRITS OF HARTSHORN

JUAN EUGENIO HARTZENBUSCH (18o6-188o)

HARUSPICES, or ARUSPICES (perhaps " entrail observers," cf. Skt. Kira, Gr. xopSit)

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

HARVEST (A.S. hcerfest " autumn," O.H. Ger. herbist, possibly through an old Teutonic root representing Lat. car pere, " to pluck ")

GABRIEL HARVEY (c. 1545-1630)

SIR GEORGE HARVEY (1806-1876)

WILLIAM HARVEY (1578—1657)

HARZ MOUNTAINS (also spelt HARTZ, Ger.Harzgebirge, anc. Silva Hercynia)

EL HASA (Ahsa, Al Hasa)

HASAN AND HOSAIN (or HUSEIN)

HASBEYA, or HASBEIYA

HASDAI IBN SHAPRUT

HASDEU, or HAJDEU, BOGDAN PETRICEICU (1836–1907)

CARL BENEDICT HASE (1780-1864)

KARL AUGUST VON HASE (1800-1890)

HASHISH, or HASHEESH

CHILDE HASSAM (1859– )

HASSAN IBN THABIT (died 674)

JOHANN ADOLPH HASSE (1699-1783)

FREDERIK HASSELQUIST (1722-1752)

ANDRE HENRI CONSTANT VAN HASSELT (1806—1874)

HANS DANIEL LUDWIG FRIEDRICH HASSENPFLUG (1794—1862)

FRANCIS HASTINGS

FRANK ABNEY HASTINGS (1794-1828)

WARREN HASTINGS (1732-1818)

EDWIN HATCH (1835-1889)

HATCHET (adapted from the Fr. hachette, diminutive of hache, axe, hacker, to cut, hack)

1ST BARON WILLIAM PAGE WOOD HATHERLEY (18or-1881)

1ST BARON EDWARTI JOHN LITTLETON HATHERTON (1791–1863)

JOHN LIPTROT HATTON (1809-1886)

SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON (1540–1591)

JOHANNES CARSTEN HAUCH (1790-1872)

RITTER VON FRANZ HAUER (1822–1899)

WILHELM HAUFF (1802–1827)

MARTIN HAUG (1827–1876)

HANS NIELSEN HAUGE (1771–1824)

SAMUEL HAUGHTON (1821-1897)

WILLIAM HAUGHTON (fl. 1598)

FREIHERR VON KRAPPITZ COUNT VON CHRISTIAN AUGUST HEINRICH KURT HAUGWITZ (1752-1831)

HAUNTINGS (from " to haunt," Fr. banter, of uncertain origin, but possibly from Lat. ambitare, ambire, to go about, frequent)

MORITZ HAUPT (1808—1874)

GERHART HAUPTMANN (1862— )

MORITZ HAUPTMANN (1792—1868)

HAUREAU (JEAN) BARTHELEMY (1812-1896)

JOHANN FRIEDRICH LUDWIG HAUSMANN (1782-1859)

ADOLPH HAUSRATH (1837-1909)

LUDWIG HAUSSER (1818–1867)

BARON GEORGES EUGENE HAUSSMANN (1809–1891)

COMTE JOSEPH OTHENIN BERNARD DE CLERON HAUSSONVILLE

COMTE ALEXANDRE MAURICE BLANC DE LANAUTTE HAUTRRIVE

RENE JUST HAUY (1743-1822)

HAVANA (the name is of aboriginal origin; Span. Habana or, more fully, San Cristobal de la Habana)

SIR HENRY HAVELOCK (1795-18J7)

HAVELOK THE DANE

HAVERFORDWEST (Welsh Hwlfordd, the English name ,being perhaps a corruption of the Scandinavian Hafna-Fjord)

FRANCES RIDLEY HAVERGAL (1836-1879)

HAVERSACK, or HAVRESACK (through the French from Ger. Haber-sack, an oat-sack, a nose-bag, Hafer or Haver, oats)

EUGENE AUGUSTE ERNEST HAVET (1813-1889)

JULIEN HAVET (PIERRE EUGLNE) (1853-1893)

HAWAII (HAWAIIAN or SANDWICH ISLANDS)

HAWARDEN (pronounced Harden, Welsh Penarltg)

HAWAWIR (IIAUH:1u1N)

HUGH REGINALD HAWEIS (1838-1901)

STEPHEN HAWES (fl. 1502-1521)

WILLIAM HAWES (1785–1846)

HAWK (O. Eng. hafoc or heafoc, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch havik, Ger. Habicht; the root is hab-, haf-, to hold, cf. Lat. accipiter, from capere)

BARON EDWARD HAWKE HAWKE (1705-1781)

ROBERT STEPHEN HAWKER (1803–1874)

JOHN HAWKESWORTH (c. 1715–1773)

CAESAR HENRY HAWKINS (1798-1884)

SIR JOHN HAWKINS (1719-1789)

HAWKINS, or HAWKYNS, SIR JOHN (1532-1595)

HAWKINS, or HAWKYNS, SIR RICHARD (c. 1562-1622)

FRANCIS LISTER HAWKS (1798-1866)

SIR JOHN HAWKSHAW (1811-1891)

THOMAS HAWKSLEY (1807–1893)

NICHOLAS HAWKSMOOR (1661–1736)

SIR JOHN HAWKWOOD (d. 1394)

HENRY HAWLEY (c. 1679-1759)

JOSEPH ROSWELL HAWLEY (1826-1905)

HAWTHORN (O. Eng. Naga-, hog-, or hege-thorn, i.e. " hedge-thorn ")

NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE (1804-1864)

CHARLES HENRY HAWTREY (1858— )

EDWARD CRAVEN HAWTREY (1789-1862)

BARON FRANCOIS NICOLAS BENOIT HAXO (1774—1838)

FREIHERR VON AUGUST FRANZ LUDWIG MARIA HAXTHAUSEN (1792—1866)

HAY (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Heu, Dutch hooi; the root from which it is derived, meaning " to cut," is also seen in " to hew "; cf. " hoe ")

HAY FEVER, HAY ASTHMA, or SUMMER

GEORGE HAY (1729—1811)

JOHN HAY (1838–1905)

COUNT TADASU HAYASHI (1850– )

FERDINAND VANDEVEER HAYDEN (1829–1887)

FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732–1809)

BENJAMIN ROBERT HAYDON (1786-1846)

RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD HAYES (1822–1893)

WILLIAM HAYLEY (1745—1820)

RUDOLF HAYM (1821-1901)

JULIUS JACOB HAYNAU (1786–1853)

ROBERT YOUNG HAYNE (1791–1839)

SIR GEORGE HAYTER (1792–1871)

HAYTON (HAITITON, HETHUM)

ABRAHAM HAYWARD (1801-1884)

SIR JOHN HAYWARD (c. 1560-1627)

ELIZA HAYWOOD (c. 1693-1756)

HAZARD (0. Fr. hazard, from Span. czar, unlucky throw at dice, misfortune, from Arab. al, and zar, dice)

HAZEL (0. Eng. hresell; cf. Ger. Hasel, Swed. and Dan. Kassel, &c.,; Fr. noiselier, coudrier)

WILLIAM HAZLITT (1778-1830)

HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)

BART SIR EDMUND WALKER HEAD

BART SIR FRANCIS BOND HEAD

GEORGE PETER ALEXANDER HEALY (1808-1894)

HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

LAFCADIO HEARN (1850-1904)

SAMUEL HEARNE (1745–1792)

THOMAS HEARNE (1678-1735)

HEARSE (an adaptation of Fr. herse, a harrow, from Lat. hirpex, hirpicem, rake or harrow, Greek aprra;:)

HEARTH (a word which appears in various forms in several Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch haard, German Herd, in the sense of " floor ")

HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

BENJAMIN HEATH (1704-1766)

WILLIAM HEATH (1737—1814)

SIR GILBERT HEATHCOTE (c. 1651-1733)

BARON GEORGE AUGUSTUS ELIOTT HEATHFIELD (r717-1790)

HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

HEAVY COMMERCIAL

CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH HEBBEL (1813-1863)

REGINALD HEBER (1783-1826)

RICHARD HEBER (1773-1833)

WILLIAM HEBERDEN (1710-1801)

EDMOND HEBERT (s812-189o)

JACQUES RENE HEBERT (1757-1794)

HEBREW LANGUAGE

HEBREW LITERATURE

HEBREW RELIGION (1)

EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS

HEBRIDES, THE, or WESTERN ISLES

HEBRON (mod. Khulzl er-Rahman, i.e. " the friend of the Merciful One "—an allusion to Abraham)

HECATAEUS OF MILETUS (6th-5th century B.C.)

HECATE (Gr. 'EKa-rrl, " she who works from afar "1)

HECATO OF RHODES

HECATOMB (Gr. EKarept from EKarbv, a hundred, and t3ous, an ox)

FRIEDRICH FRANZ KARL HECKER (1811-1881)

ISAAC THOMAS HECKER (1819-1888)

HECUBA (Gr. `Exa(3n)

WILLEM CLAASZ HEDA (c. 1594-c. 1670)

MATTHEW FORSTER HEDDLE (1828-1897)

HEDGEHOG, or URCHIN

HEDGES AND FENCES

HEDONISM (Gr. i bovit, pleasure, from ?) (s, sweet, pleasant)

JAN DAVIDSZ VAN HEEM (or JOHANNES DE)

JOHAN VAN HEEMSKERK (1597—1656)

MARTIN JACOBSZ HEEMSKERK (1498-1574)

ARNOLD HERMANN LUDWIG HEEREN (1760–1842)

KARL JOSEF VON HEFELE (1809-1893)

GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL (1770-1831)

HEGEMON OF THASOS

HEGEMONY (Gr. i7ye,uovia, leadership, from it-yo-Oat, to lead, the leadership especially of one particular state in a group of federated or loosely united states. The term was first applied in Greek history to the position claimed by different individual

HEGESIAS OF MAGNESIA (in Lydia)