See also:

• HANKOW (" Mouth of the Han ")

HANKOW (" Mouth of the Han ")  , the See also:

• GREAT

great commercial centre of the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle portion of the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, and since 1858 one of the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal places opened to See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade . It is situated on the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the Yangtsze-kiang at its junction with the Han See also:

• RIVER

river, about 600 m . W. of See also:

• SHANGHAI

Shanghai in 300 32' 51" N., 1140 19' 55" E., at a height of 15o ft . By the Chinese it is not considered a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, but as a suburb of the now decadent city of Hanyang; and it may almost be said to stand in a similar relation to Wu-chang the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Hupeh, which lies immediately opposite on the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• BANK

bank of the Yangtsze-kiang . See also:

• HANKOW (" Mouth of the Han ")

Hankow extends for about a mile along the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main river and about two and a See also:

• HALF

half along the Han . It is protected by a See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall 18 ft. high, which was erected in 1863 and has a See also:

• CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit of about 4 M . Within See also:

• RECENT

recent years the See also:

• PORT

port has made rapid advance in See also:

• WEALTH

wealth and importance . The opening up of the upper See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of the Yangtsze to See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation has made it a commercial entrepdt second only to Shanghai . It is the See also:

• TERMINUS

terminus of a railway between See also:

• PEKING, or PEKIN

Peking and the Yangtsze, the northern- half of the See also:

• TRUNK (Fr. tronc, Lat. truncus, cut off, maimed)

trunk See also:

• LINE

line from Peking to See also:

• CANTON
• CANTON (borrowed from the Ital. cantone, a corner or angle)
• CANTON (more correctly KWANG-CHOW Fu)
• CANTON, JOHN (1718-1772)

Canton . There is daily communication by See also:

• REGULAR

regular lines of steamers with Shanghai, and smaller steamers ply on the upper See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section of the river between Hankow and Ich'ang . The principal See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article of export continues to be See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black See also:

• TEA (Chinese cha, Amoy dialect t€)

tea, of which See also:

• STAPLE

staple Hankow has always been the central See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market . The bulk of the See also:

• LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

leaf tea, however, now goes to See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia by See also:

• DIRECT

direct steamers to See also:

• ODESSA

Odessa instead of to See also:

• LONDON

London as formerly, and a large quantity goes overland via See also:

• TIENTSIN

Tientsin and See also:

• SIBERIA

Siberia in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick tea .

The quantity of brick tea thus exported in 1904 was upwards of to million lb . The exports which come next in value are See also:

• OPIUM (Gr. amov, dim. from Orbs, juice)

opium, See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood-oil, hides, beans, See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton See also:

• YARN

yarn and raw See also:

• SILK

silk . The See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population of Hankow, together with the city of See also:

• WUCHANG

Wuchang on the opposite bank, is estimated at 800,000, and the number of foreign residents is about 500 . Large See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron-See also:

• WORKS

works have been erected by the Chinese authorities at Hanyang, a couple of See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles higher up the river, and at Wuchang there are two See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official cotton See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills . The See also:

• BRITISH

British concession, on which the business See also:

• PART

part of the foreign See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement is built, was obtained in 1861 by a See also:

• LEASE (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. laxare, to loosen)

lease in See also:

• PERPETUITY (Lat. perpetuus, continuous)

perpetuity from the Chinese authorities in favour of the See also:

• CROWN

crown . By 1863 a great See also:

• EMBANKMENT

embankment and a roadway were completed along the river, which may rise as much as 5o ft. or more above its See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary levels, and not infrequently, as in 1849 and 1866, See also:

• LAYS

lays a large part of the See also:

• TOWN

town under See also:

• WATER

water . On the former occasion little was See also:

• LEFT

left uncovered but the See also:

• ROOFS

roofs of the houses . In 1864 a public assay See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office was established . Sub-leases for a See also:

• TERM

term of years are granted by the crown to private individuals; See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control, including the policing of the settlement, is managed by a municipal See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council elected under regulations promulgated by the British See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister in See also:

• CHINA

China, acting by authority of the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign's orders in council . Foreigners, i.e. non-British, are admitted to become lease-holders on their submitting to be See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound by the municipal regulations . The concession, however, gives no territorial See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction . All foreigners, of whatever See also:

• NATIONALITY

nationality, are justiciable only before their own consular authorities by virtue of the extra-territorial clauses of their See also:

• TREATIES

treaties with China .

In 1895 a concession, on similar terms to that under which the British is held, was obtained by See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, and this was followed by concessions to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and Russia.919 These three concessions all See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north bank of the river and immediately below the British . An See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of the British concession backwards was granted in 1898 . The See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Catholics, the London Missionary Society and the Wesleyans have all See also:

• MISSIONS (Lat. missio, a sending)

missions in the town; and there are two missionary hospitals . The See also:

• TOTAL

total trade in 1904 was valued at £15,401,076 (£9,042,190 being exports and £6,358,886 imports) as compared with a total of £17,183,400 in 1891 and £11,628,000 in 1880 .