HANOI  ,

capital of Tongking and of French Indo-China, on the right bank of the Song-koi or Red river, about 8o m. from its mouth in the Gulf of Tongking . Taking in the suburban population the inhabitants numbered in 1905 about iio,000, including 103,000 Annamese, 2289 Chinese and 2665 French, exclusive of troops . Hanoi resembles a European city in the possession of wide well-paved streets and promenades, systems of electric light and drainage and a good water-supply . A crowded native quarter built round a picturesque lake lies close to the river with the European quarter to the south of it . The public buildings include the palace of the governor-general, situated in a spacious botanical and zoological garden, the large military hospital, the cathedral of St Joseph, the Paul Bert college, and the theatre . The barracks and other military buildings occupy the site of the old citadel, an area of over 300 acres, to the west of the native town . The so-called pagoda of the Great Buddha is the chief native building . The river is embanked and is crossed by the Pont Doumer, a fine railway bridge over i m. long . Vessels drawing 8 or 9 ft. can reach the town . Hanoi is 1 For others of the name see CARTHAGE; HANNIBAL; PUNIC WARS . Smith's Classical Dictionary has notices of some thirty of the name . the seat of the general government of Indo-China, of the resident-superior of Tongking, and of a bishop, who is vicar-apostolic of central Tongking .

It is administered by an elective municipal

council with a civil service administrator as mayor . It has a chamber of commerce, the president of which has a seat on the superior council of Indo-China; a chamber of the court of appeal of Indo-China, a civil tribunal of the first order, and is the seat of the chamber of agriculture of Tongking . Its industries include cotton-spinning, brewing, distilling, and the manufacture of tobacco, earthenware and matches; native industry produces carved and inlaid furniture, bronzes and artistic metal-work, silk embroidery, &c . Hanoi is the junction of railways to Hai-Phong, its seaport, Lao-Kay, Vinh, and the Chinese frontier via Lang-Son . It is in frequent communication with Hai-Phong by steamboat . See C . Madrolle, Tonkin du sud: Hanoi (Paris, 1907) .