See also:

• JONAS, JUSTUS (1493–1555)

JONAS See also:

• JONAS HANWAY (1712–1786)

HANWAY (1712–1786)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English traveller and philanthropist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• PORTSMOUTH
• PORTSMOUTH, EARLS OF
• PORTSMOUTH, LOUISE DE

Portsmouth in 1712 . While still a See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child, his See also:

• FATHER

father, a victualler, died, and the See also:

• FAMILY

family moved to See also:

• LONDON

London . In 1729 See also:

• JONAS, JUSTUS (1493–1555)

Jonas was apprenticed to a See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant in See also:

• LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon . In 1743, after he had been some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in business for himself in London, he became a partner with Mr Dingley, a merchant in St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg, and in this way was led to travel in See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia and See also:

• PERSIA

Persia . Leaving St Petersburg on the loth of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1743, and passing See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south by See also:

• MOSCOW (Russian Moskva)
• MOSCOW, (Russian Moskva)

Moscow, See also:

• TSARITSYN

Tsaritsyn and See also:

• ASTRAKHAN

Astrakhan, he embarked on the See also:

• CASPIAN

Caspian on the 22nd of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November, and arrived at Astrabad on the 18th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December . Here his goods were seized by Mohammed See also:

• HASSAN

Hassan Beg, and it was only after See also:

• GREAT

great privations that he reached the See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp of See also:

• NADIR (Arabic nadir, " opposite to," used elliptically for nadir-es-semt, "opposite to the zenith ")

Nadir Shah, under whose See also:

• PROTECTION

protection he recovered most (85%) of his See also:

• PROPERTY

property . His return See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey was embarrassed by sickness (at See also:

• RESHT

Resht), by attacks from pirates, and by six See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks' See also:

• QUARANTINE (Fr. quarantaine, a period of forty days 1)

quarantine; and he only reappeared at St Petersburg on the 1st of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1745 . He again See also:

• LEFT

left the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital on the 9th of See also:

• JULY

July 1750 and travelled through See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany and See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England (28th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October) . The See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his See also:

• LIFE

life was mostly spent in London, where the narrative of his travels (published in 1753) soon made him a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note, and where he devoted himself to philanthropy and See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good citizenship . In 1756 he founded the Marine Society, to keep up the See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• SEAMEN, LAWS RELATING TO

seamen; in 1758 he became a See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the Foundling, and established the Magdalen, See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital; in 1761 he procured a better See also:

• SYSTEM

system of parochial See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth-See also:

• REGISTRATION

registration in .London; and in 1762 he was appointed a See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner for victualling the See also:

• NAVY

navy (loth of July); this See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office he held till October, 1783 . He died, unmarried, on the 5th of September 1786 . He was the first Londoner, it is said, to carry an See also:

• UMBRELLA

umbrella, and he lived to See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph over all the See also:

• HACKNEY
• HACKNEY (from Fr. haquenee, Lat. equus, an ambling horse or mare, especially for ladies to ride; the English " hack " is simply an abbreviation)

hackney coachmen who tried to hoot and hustle him down .

He attacked "vail-giving," or tipping, with some temporary success; by his onslaught upon See also:

• TEA (Chinese cha, Amoy dialect t€)

tea-drinking he became involved in controversy with See also:

• JOHNSON, ANDREW
• JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
• JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
• JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
• JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
• JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
• JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
• JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
• JOHNSON, THOMAS

Johnson and See also:

• GOLDSMITH
• GOLDSMITH, LEWIS (c. 1763–1846)
• GOLDSMITH, OLIVER (1728–1774)

Goldsmith . His last efforts were on behalf of little See also:

• CHIMNEY (through the Fr. cheminee, from caminata, sc. camera, a Lat. derivative of caminus, an oven or furnace)

chimney-sweeps . His advocacy of solitary confinement for prisoners and opposition to Jewish See also:

• NATURALIZATION

naturalization were more questionable instances of his activity in social matters . See also:

• HANWAY, JONAS (1712–1786)

Hanway left seventy-four printed See also:

• WORKS

works, mostly See also:

• PAMPHLETS

pamphlets; the only one of See also:

• LITERARY

literary importance is the See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

Account of British See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

Trade over the Caspian See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, with a See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of Travels, &c . (London, 1753) . On' his life, see also Pugh, Remarkable Occurrences in the Life of Jonas Hanway (London, 1787) ; See also:

• GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its original and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

Gentleman's See also:

• MAGAZINE

Magazine, vol. xxxii. p . 342; vol . Ivl. pt. ii. pp . 812—814, 1090, I1431144; vol . Ixv. pt. ii. pp . 721–722, 834–835 Notes and Queries, 1st See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, i . 436, U .

25 ; 3rd series, vii . 311; 4th series, viii . 416 .