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HARCOURT

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 939 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HARCOURT  , a

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village in
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Normandy, now a commune in the department of
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Eure, arrondissement of
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Bernay and canton of Brionne, which gives its name to a noble
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family distinguished in French
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history, a branch of which was early established in England . Of the lords of Harcourt, whose genealogy can be traced back to the 11th century, the first to distinguish himself was
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Jean II . (d . 1302) who was marshal and
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admiral of France . Godefroi d'Harcourt, seigneur of Saint Sauveur le Vicomte, surnamed " Le boiteux " (the lame), was a marshal in the
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English army and was killed near Coutances in 1356 . The
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fief of Harcourt was raised to the rank of a countship by Philip of Valois, in favour of Jean IV., who was killed at the
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battle of Crecy (1346) . His son, Jean V . (d . 1355) married Blanche, heiress of Jean II., count of Aumale, and the countship of Harcourt passed with that of Aumale until, in 1424, Jean VIII., count of Aumale and
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Mortain and
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lieutenant-general of Normandy, was killed at the battle of Verneuil, and with him the elder branch became
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extinct in the male
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line . The heiress,
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Marie, by her
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marriage with Anthony of
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Lorraine, count of Vaudemont, brought the countship of Harcourt into the house of Lorraine . The title of count of Harcourt was borne by several princes of this house . The most famous instance was Henry of Lorraine, count of Harcourt, Brionne, and
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Armagnac, and nicknamed " Cadet la perle " (16o1-1666) .

He distinguished himself in several

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campaigns against Spain, and later played an active
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part in the
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civil
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wars of the
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Fronde . He took the side of the princes, and fought against the t government in Alsace; but was defeated by Marshal de la Ferte, and made his submission in 1654 . The most distinguished among the younger branches of the family are those of Montgomery and of Beuvron . To the former belonged Jean d'Harcourt, bishop of
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Amiens and Tournai, archbishop of
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Narbonne and patriarch of
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Antioch, who died in 1452; and Guillaume d'Harcourt, count of Tancarville, and viscount of
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Melun, who was head of the administration of the woods and forests in the royal domain (souverain maitre et reformateur
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des eaux et forces de France) and died in 1487 . From the branch of the marquises of Beuvron sprang
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Henri d'Harcourt, marshal of France, and ambassador at the
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Spanish court, who was made duke of Harcourt (1700) and a peer of France (1709); also Francois
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Eugene Gabriel, count, and afterwards duke, of Harcourt, who was ambassador first in Spain, and later at Rome, and died in 1865 . This branch of the family is still in existence . See G . A. de la Rogne, Histoire genealogique de la maison d'Harcourt (4 vols., Paris, 1662) ; P . Anselme, Histoire genealogique de la maison de France, v . 114, &c . ; and Dom le Noir, Preuves genealogiques et historiques de la maison de Harcourt (Paris, 1907) . (M .

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