See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

THOMAS See also:

• HARDY, ALEXANDRE (1569?-1631)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS DUFFUS (1804-1878)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS MASTERMAN
• THOMAS HARDY (1840- )

HARDY (1840- )  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English novelist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• DORSETSHIRE (DORSET)

Dorsetshire on the 2nd of See also:

• JUNE

June 1840 . His See also:

• FAMILY

family was one of the branches of the See also:

• DORSET, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF

Dorset Hardys, formerly of See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in and near the valley of the See also:

• FROME

Frome, claiming descent from See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Le See also:

• HARDY, ALEXANDRE (1569?-1631)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS DUFFUS (1804-1878)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS MASTERMAN
• HARDY, THOMAS (1840- )

Hardy of See also:

• JERSEY
• JERSEY, EARLS OF

Jersey (son of See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement Le Hardy, See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of that See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island in 1488), who settled in the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . His maternal ancestors were the Swetman, See also:

• CHILDS, GEORGE WILLIAM (1829–1894)

Childs or See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

Child, and kindred families, who before and after 1635 were small landed proprietors in Melbury Osmond, Dorset, and adjoining parishes . He was educated at See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, 1848-1854, and afterwards privately, and in 1856 was articled to Mr John See also:

• HICKS, ELIAS (1748-1830)
• HICKS, HENRY (1837-1899)
• HICKS, WILLIAM (1830-1883)

Hicks, an ecclesiastical architect of See also:

• DORCHESTER
• DORCHESTER, DUDLEY CARLETON, VISCOUNT (1573-1632)
• DORCHESTER, GUY CARLETON

Dorchester . In 1859 he began See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse and essays, but in 1861 was compelled to apply himself more strictly to See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture, sketching and measuring many old Dorset churches with a view to their restoration . In 1862 he went to See also:

• LONDON

London (which he had first visited at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of nine) and became assistant to the See also:

• LATE

late See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur See also:

• BLOMFIELD, CHARLES JAMES (1786-1857)
• BLOMFIELD, EDWARD VALENTINE (1788-1816)
• BLOMFIELD, SIR ARTHUR WILLIAM (1829-1899)

Blomfield, R.A . In 1863 he won the See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal of the Royal See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute of See also:

• BRITISH

British Architects for an See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

essay on Coloured See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

Brick and Terra-See also:

• COTTA
• COTTA, BERNHARD VON (1808—1879)
• COTTA, GAIUS AURELIUS (c. 124—73 B.c.)

cotta Architecture, and in the same See also:

• YEAR

year won the See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize of the Architectural Association for See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design . In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1865 his first See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story was published in See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796)

Chambers's See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal, and during the next two or three years he wrote a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• DEAL

deal of verse, being somewhat uncertain whether to take to architecture or to literature as a profession . In 1867 he See also:

• LEFT

left London for See also:

• WEYMOUTH

Weymouth, and during that and the following year wrote a " purpose " story, which in 1869 was accepted by Messrs See also:

• CHAPMAN (from O. Eng. ceap, and Mid. Eng. ,heap, to barter, cf. " Cheapside " in London, and Ger. Kaufmann)
• CHAPMAN, GEORGE (? 1559–1634)

Chapman and See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall . The See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript had been read by Mr See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• MEREDITH, GEORGE (1828-1908)

Meredith, who asked the writer to See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call on him, and advised him not to See also:

• PRINT

print it, but to try another, with more See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot . The manuscript was withdrawn and re-written, but never published . In 187o Mr Hardy took Mr Meredith's See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice too literally, and constructed a novel that was all plot, which was published in 1871 under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title Desperate Remedies .

In 1872 appeared Under the See also:

• GREENWOOD, FREDERICK (1830-19o9)
• GREENWOOD, JOHN (d. 1593)

Greenwood See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

Tree, a" rural See also:

• PAINTING

painting of the Dutch school," in which Mr Hardy had already " found himself," and which he has never surpassed in happy and delicate perfection of See also:

• ART

art . A Pair of See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

Blue Eyes, in which tragedy and See also:

• IRONY (Gr. dipaweLa, from eipwv, one who says less than he means, eiepees, to speak)

irony come into his See also:

• WORK

work together, was published in 1873 . In 1874 Mr Hardy married Emma Lavinia, daughter of the late T . Attersoll See also:

• GIFFORD, ROBERT SWAIN (184o—19o5)
• GIFFORD, SANDFORD ROBINSON (1823–188o)
• GIFFORD, WILLIAM (1756-1826)

Gifford of See also:

• PLYMOUTH
• PLYMOUTH, EARLS OF

Plymouth . His first popular success was made by Far from the Madding See also:

• CROWD, CROUTH, CROWTH

Crowd,(1874), which, on its See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance anonymously in the Cornhill See also:

• MAGAZINE

Magazine, was attributed by many to George See also:

• ELIOT, CHARLES WILLIAM (1834– )
• ELIOT, GEORGE
• ELIOT, JOHN (1604-1690)
• ELIOT, SIR JOHN (1592-1632)

Eliot . Then came The See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

Hand of Ethelberta (1876), described, See also:

• RIOT (0. Fr. riote, of uncertain etymology)

riot inaptly, as " a See also:

• COMEDY

comedy in chapters "; The Return of the Native (1878), the most sombre and, in some ways, ,the most powerful and characteristic of Mr Hardy's novels; The See also:

• TRUMPET (Fr. trompette, clairon; Ger. ,Trompete, Klarino, Trummet; Ital. tromba, trombetta, clarino)
• TRUMPET, SPEAKING AND HEARING

Trumpet-See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

Major (188o); A Laodicean (1881); Two on a See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower (1882), a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long excursion in constructive irony; The See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

Mayor of Casterbridge (1886); The Woodlanders (1887); Wessex Tales (1888) ; A See also:

• GROUP

Group of See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

Noble Dames (1891); Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1891), Mr Hardy's most famous novel; See also:

• LIFE

Life's Little Ironies (1894); See also:

• JUDE, THE GENERAL EPISTLE OF

Jude the Obscure (1.895), his most thoughtful and least popular See also:

• BOOK

book; The Well-Beloved, a reprint, with some revision, of a story originally published in the Illustrated London See also:

• NEWS

News in 1892 (1897); Wessex Poems, written during the previous See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years, with illustrations by the author (1898); and The Dynasts (2 parts, 1904-1906) . In 1909 appeared See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

Time's Laughing-See also:

• STOCKS

stocks and other Verses . In all his work Mr Hardy is concerned with one thing, seen under two aspects; not See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization, nor See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners, but the principle of life itself, invisibly realized in humanity as See also:

• SEX (Lat. sexes; possibly connected with secure, to cut)

sex, seen visibly in the See also:

• WORLD

world as what we call nature . He is a fatalist, perhaps rather a determinist, and he studies the workings of See also:

• FATE

fate or See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law (ruling through inexorable moods or humours), in the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief vivifying and disturbing influence in life, See also:

• WOMEN

women . His view of women is more See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French than English; it is subtle, a little cruel, not as tolerant as it seems, thoroughly a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man's point of view, and not, as with Mr Meredith, man's and woman's at once . He See also:

• SEES

sees all that is irresponsible for good and evil in a woman's See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, all that is untrustworthy in her See also:

• BRAIN (A.S. braegen)

brain and will, all that is alluring in her variability . He is her apologist, but always with a reserve of private See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment .

No one has created more attractive women of a certain class, women whom a man would have been more likely to love or to regret loving . In his earlier books he is somewhat careful over the reputation of his heroines; gradually he allows them more See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty, with a franker treatment of See also:

• INSTINCT

instinct and its consequences . Jude the Obscure is perhaps the most unbiassed See also:

• CONSIDERATION (from Lat. considerare, to look at closely, examine, generally taken to be from con-, and the base seen in sidus, sideris, a star, the word being supposed to be originally an astrological or astronomical term)

consideration in English fiction of the more complicated questions of sex . There is almost no See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion in his work, neither the author nor his characters ever seeming able to pass beyond the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of curiosity, the most intellectually interesting of limitations, under the influence of any emotion . In his feeling for nature, curiosity sometimes seems to broaden into a more intimate communion . The See also:

• HEATH
• HEATH, BENJAMIN (1704-1766)
• HEATH, WILLIAM (1737—1814)

heath, the See also:

• VILLAGE

village with its peasants, the See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of every See also:

• HOUR

hour among the See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields and on the roads of that English countryside which he has made his own—the Dorsetshire and See also:

• WILTSHIRE [WILTS]

Wiltshire " Wessex "—mean more to him, in a sense, than even the spectacle of man and woman in their See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

blind and painful and absorbing struggle for existence . His knowledge of woman confirms him in a suspension of judgment; his know-ledge of nature brings him nearer to the unchanging and consoling See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element in the world . All the entertainment which he gets out of life comes to him from his contemplation of the See also:

• PEASANT (O. Fr. paysant, Mod. paysan; Lat. pagensis, belonging to the pagus or country; cf. " pagan ")

peasant, as himself a rooted See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth, translating the dumbness of the fields into See also:

• HUMOUR (Latin humor)

humour . His peasants have been compared with See also:

• SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM (1564-1616)

Shakespeare's; he has the Shakespearean sense of their placid vegetation by the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of hurrying See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal life, to which they See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act the part of See also:

• CHORUS (Gr. xopbs)Z

chorus, with an unconscious See also:

• WISDOM, BOOK OF, or WISDOM OF SOLOMON (Sept. Io4ia IaXwµwvos; Lat. Vulg. Liber sapientiae)

wisdom in their See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close, narrow and undistracted view of things . The See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of merit was conferred upon Mr Hardy in See also:

• JULY

July 1910 . See Annie See also:

• MACDONELL, JAMES (1841-1879)

Macdonell, See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Hardy (London, 1894) ; Lionel P, See also:

• JOHNSON, ANDREW
• JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
• JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
• JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
• JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
• JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
• JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
• JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
• JOHNSON, THOMAS

Johnson, The Art of Thomas Hardy (London, 1894) . (A .