HARPENDEN  , an See also:

• URBAN
• URBAN (Urbanus)

urban See also:

• DISTRICT

district in the See also:

• MID

Mid or St Albans See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of See also:

• HERTFORDSHIRE [HERrs]

Hertfordshire, See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, 25 M . N.W. by N. from See also:

• LONDON

London by the Midland railway, served also by a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern railway . Pop . (1901) 4725 . It is a favourite outlying residential district for those whose See also:

• WORK

work lies in London . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas is a See also:

• MODERN

modern reconstruction with the exception of the Perpendicular See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower . In the See also:

• LAWES, HENRY (1595-1662)
• LAWES, SIR JOHN BENNET, BART

Lawes Testimonial Laboratory there is a vast collection of samples of experimentally grown produce, See also:

• ANNUAL

annual products, ashes and soils . See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Bennet Lawes (d . 1900) provided an endowment of £1oo,000 for the perpetuation of the agricultural experiments which he inaugurated here at his seat of Rothamsted See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park . The success of his association of See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry with See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany is shown by the fact that See also:

• SOIL

soil has been made to See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat without intermission for upwards of See also:

• HALF

half a See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century without manure . The See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country neighbouring to Harpenden is very pleasant, including the gorse-covered Harpenden See also:

• COMMON

Common and the narrow well-wooded valley of the upper See also:

• LEA, HENRY CHARLES (1825–1909)

Lea . HARPER'S See also:

• FERRY (from the same root as that of the verb " to fare," to journey or travel, common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. fahren; it is connected with the root of Gr. 7ropos, way, and Lat. portage, to carry)
• FERRY, JULES FRANCOIS CAMILLE (1832—1893)

FERRY, a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• JEFFERSON
• JEFFERSON, JOSEPH (1829-1905)
• JEFFERSON, THOMAS (1743-1826)

Jefferson See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• VIRGINIA
• VIRGINIA, or VERGINIA
• VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Virginia, U.S.A., finely situated at the confluence of the See also:

• POTOMAC

Potomac and See also:

• SHENANDOAH

Shenandoah See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers (which here pass through a beautiful See also:

• GORGE

gorge in the See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

Blue See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

Ridge), 55 m .

N.W. of See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington . Pop . (1900) 896; (1910) 766 . It is served by the See also:

• BALTIMORE
• BALTIMORE, GEORGE CALVERT, 1ST BARON (C. 1580—1632)

Baltimore & See also:

• OHIO

Ohio railway, which crosses the Potomac here, by the See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester & Potomac railway (Baltimore & Ohio) of which it is a See also:

• TERMINUS

terminus, and by boats on the Chesapeake & Ohio See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal, which passes along the See also:

• MARYLAND

Maryland See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the Potomac . Across the Potomac on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north rise the Maryland Heights; across the Shenandoah, on the West Virginia side, the Virginia or See also:

• LOUDOUN, JOHN

Loudoun Heights; and behind the town to the W. the See also:

• BOLIVAR
• BOLIVAR, SIMON (1783-1830)

Bolivar Heights . A See also:

• UNITED

United States See also:

• ARSENAL

arsenal and armoury were established at Harper's Ferry in 1796, the site being chosen because of the See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• WATER

water-See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power;these were seized on the 16th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1859 by John See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown (q.v.), the abolitionist, and some 21 of his followers . For four months before the See also:

• RAID

raid Brown and his men lived on the See also:

• KENNEDY
• KENNEDY, BENJAMIN HALL (1804-1889)
• KENNEDY, THOMAS FRANCIS (1788-1879)
• KENNEDY, WALTER (c. 1460–c. 1508)

Kennedy See also:

• FARM

Farm, in Washington county, Maryland, about 4 M . N.W. of Harper's Ferry . The See also:

• ENGINE
• ENGINE (Lat. ingenium)

engine-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house in which Brown was captured was exhibited at the Columbian Exposition at See also:

• CHICAGO
• CHICAGO, UNIVERSITY OF

Chicago and was later rebuilt on Bolivar Heights; a See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble See also:

• PILLAR (0. Fr. piler, Mod. pilier, Late Lat. pilare, from pila, column)

pillar, marked " John Brown's Fort," has been erected on its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original site . On See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

Camp See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill is Storer See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College (See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state-aided), a normal school for negroes, which was established under See also:

• FREE

Free Baptist See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control in 1867, and has See also:

• ACADEMIC

academic, normal, biblical, musical and See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial departments . The first See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement here was made about 1747 by See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Harper, who ran a ferry across the Potomac . The position of Harper's Ferry at the See also:

• LOWER

lower end of the Shenandoah Valley rendered it a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of strategic importance during the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War .

On the 18th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1861, the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day after Virginia passed her See also:

• ORDINANCE
• ORDINANCE, or ORDONNANCE

ordinance of See also:

• SECESSION

secession, when a considerable force of Virginia See also:

• MILITIA (Fr. milice, Ger. Miliz, from Lat. miles, soldier, militia, military service)

militia under See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• KENTON

Kenton Harper approached the town—an attack having been planned in See also:

• RICHMOND
• RICHMOND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• RICHMOND, LEGH (1772-1827)
• RICHMOND, SIR WILLIAM BLAKE (1842– )

Richmond two days before—the ,Federal See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison of 45 men under See also:

• LIEUTENANT

Lieutenant See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger See also:

• JONES
• JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
• JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
• JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
• JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
• JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
• JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
• JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
• JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
• JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
• JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
• JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
• JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
• JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
• JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
• JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)

Jones set See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire to the arsenal and fled . Within the next few days large See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers of Confederate See also:

• VOLUNTEERS

volunteers assembled here; and Harper was succeeded in command (27th April) by " Stonewall " See also:

• JACKSON
• JACKSON, ANDREW (1767-1845)
• JACKSON, CYRIL (1746-1819)
• JACKSON, FREDERICK GEORGE (186o– )
• JACKSON, HELEN MARIA (1831–1885)
• JACKSON, MASON (c. 1820-1903)
• JACKSON, THOMAS (1579-1640)
• JACKSON, THOMAS JONATHAN (1824-1863)
• JACKSON, WILLIAM (1730-1803)

Jackson, who was in turn succeeded by Brigadier-General See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph E . See also:

• JOHNSTON, ALBERT SIDNEY (1803–1862)
• JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER (1849-1888)
• JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER KEITH (1804-1871)
• JOHNSTON, ARTHUR (1587-1641)
• JOHNSTON, J
• JOHNSTON, JOSEPH EGGLESTON (1807-1891)
• JOHNSTON, SIR HENRY HAMILTON (1858- )

Johnston on the 23rd of May . Johnston thought that the place was unimportant, and withdrew when (15th See also:

• JUNE

June) the Federal forces under General Robert Patterson and See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel Lew See also:

• WALLACE, ALFRED RUSSEL (1823— )
• WALLACE, LEWIS [LEW] (1827—1905)
• WALLACE, SIR RICHARD
• WALLACE, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1270-1305)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM (1768-1843)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM (1844-1897)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM VINCENT (1814-1865)

Wallace approached, and Harper's Ferry was again occupied by a Federal garrison . In See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1862, during General See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee's first invasion of the North, General McClellan advised that the place be abandoned in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order that the 1o,000 men defending it might be added to his fighting force, but General See also:

• HALLECK
• HALLECK, HENRY WAGER (1815-1872)

Halleck would not consent, so that when Lee needed supplies from the Shenandoah Valley he was blocked by the garrison, then under the command of Colonel See also:

• DIXON
• DIXON, GEORGE (1755 ?–1800)
• DIXON, HENRY HALL (1822-1870)
• DIXON, RICHARD WATSON (1833-1900)
• DIXON, WILLIAM HEPWORTH (1821-1879)

Dixon S . See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

Miles . On Jackson's approach they were distributed as follows: about 7000 men on Bolivar Heights, about 2000 on Maryland Heights, and about 1800 on the lower ground . On the 13th of September General See also:

• LAFAYETTE

Lafayette McLaws carried Maryland Heights and General John G . See also:

• WALKER, FRANCIS AMASA (1840-1897)
• WALKER, FREDERICK (184o--1875)
• WALKER, GEORGE (c. 1618-169o)
• WALKER, HENRY OLIVER (1843— )
• WALKER, HORATIO (1858– )
• WALKER, JOHN (1732—1807)
• WALKER, OBADIAH (1616-1699)
• WALKER, ROBERT (d. c. 1658)
• WALKER, ROBERT JAMES (1801-1869)
• WALKER, SEARS COOK (1805—1853)
• WALKER, THOMAS (1784—1836)
• WALKER, WILLIAM (1824-1860)

Walker planted a See also:

• BATTERY (Fr. batterie, from battles, to beat)

battery on Loudoun Heights . On the 14th there was some fighting, but See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early on the 15th, as Jackson was about to make an See also:

• ASSAULT (from Lat. ad, to or on, and saltare, to leap)

assault on Bolivar Heights, the garrison, surrounded by a. See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior force, surrendered . The See also:

• TOTAL

total Federal loss (including the garrisons at Winchester and Martinsburg) amounted to 44 killed (the See also:

• COMMANDER

commander was mortally wounded), 12,520 prisoners, and 13,000 small arms . For this terrible loss to the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army the responsibility seems to have been General Halleck's, though the blame was officially put on Colonel Miles, who died immediately after the surrender .

Jackson rejoined Lee on the following day in See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to take See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• ANTIETAM

Antietam, and after the battle General McClellan placed a strong garrison (the 12th See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

Corps) at Harper's Ferry, In June 1863 the place was again abandoned to the Confederates on their See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march to See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania . After their defeat at See also:

• GETTYSBURG

Gettysburg, the town again See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into the hands of the Federal troops, and it remained in their See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession until the end of the war . On the 4th of See also:

• JULY

July 1864 General See also:

• FRANZ, ROBERT (1815-1892)

Franz See also:

• SIGEL, FRANZ (1824–1902)

Sigel, who was then in command here, withdrew his troops to Maryland Heights, and from there resisted Early's See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to enter the town and to drive the Federal garrison from Maryland Heights . Harper's Ferry was seriously damaged by a See also:

• FLOOD (in O. Eng. flod, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Flut, Dutch vloed, from the same root as is seen in " flow," " float ")
• FLOOD, HENRY (1732-1791)

flood in the Shenandoah in October 1878 .