See also:

• HARTMANN, KARL ROBERT EDUARD VON (1842–1906)
• HARTMANN, MORITZ (1821–1872)

HARTMANN VON AUE (c. 1170-c. 1210)  , one of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• MIDDLE

Middle High See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German poets . He belonged to the See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility of See also:

• SWABIA, SUABIA

Swabia, where he was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born about 1170 . After receiving a monastic See also:

• EDUCATION

education, he became See also:

• RETAINER (from " retain," Lat. retinere, to hold back, keep)

retainer (dienstman) of a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man whose domain, Aue, has been identified with Obernau on the See also:

• NECKAR

Neckar . He also took See also:

• PART

part in the Crusade of 1196-97 . The date of his See also:

• DEATH

death is as uncertain as that of his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth; he is mentioned by Gottfried von See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg (c . 1210) as still alive, and in the Krone of Heinrich von dem Turlin, written about 1220, he is mourned for as dead . See also:

• HARTMANN, KARL ROBERT EDUARD VON (1842–1906)
• HARTMANN, MORITZ (1821–1872)

Hartmann was the author of four narrative poems which are of importance for the See also:

• EVOLUTION

evolution of the Middle High German See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court epic . The See also:

• OLDEST

oldest of these, Erec, which may have been written as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as 1191 or 1192, and the latest and ripest, Iwein, belong to the Arthurian See also:

• CYCLE
• CYCLE (Gr. KUK)^os, a circle)

cycle and are based on epics by Chretien de See also:

• TROYES

Troyes (q.v.); between them See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie the See also:

• ROMANCE

romance, Gregorius, also an See also:

• ADAPTATION (from Lat. adaptare. to fit to)

adaptation of a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French epic, and Der arme Heinrich, one of the most charming specimens of See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval German See also:

• POETRY

poetry . The theme of the latter—the cure of the leper, Heinrich, by a See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young girl who is willing to See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice her See also:

• LIFE

life for him—Hartmann had evidently found in the See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

annals of the See also:

• FAMILY

family in whose service he stood . Hartmann's most conspicuous merit as a poet lies in his See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style; his See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language is care-fully chosen, his narrative lucid, flowing and characterized by a sense of See also:

• BALANCE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. bilantia, an apparatus for weighing, from bi, two, and lanx, a dish or scale)

balance and proportion which is rarely to be found in German medieval poetry . Gregorius, Der arme Heinrich and his lyrics, which are all fervidly religious in See also:

• TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE (1763-1798)

tone, imply a tendency towards See also:

• ASCETICISM

asceticism, but, on the whole, Hartmann's striving seems rather to have been to reconcile the extremes of life; to establish a middle way of human conduct between the worldly pursuits of See also:

• KNIGHTHOOD

knighthood and the ascetic ideals of medieval See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion . Erec has been edited'by M .

See also:

• HAUPT, MORITZ (1808—1874)

Haupt (2nd ed., See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1871); Gregorius, by H . See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul (2nd ed., See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle, Igloo) ; Der arme Heinrich, by W . Wackernagel and W . Toischer (See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel, 1885) and by H . Paul (2nd ed., Halle, 1893) ; by J . G . See also:

• ROBERTSON, FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816-1853)
• ROBERTSON, GEORGE CROOM (1842-1892)
• ROBERTSON, JOSEPH (1810-1866)
• ROBERTSON, THOMAS WILLIAM (1829-1871)
• ROBERTSON, WILLIAM BRUCE (182o-1886)

Robertson (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1895), with See also:

• ENGLISH

English notes; Iwein, by G . F . Benecke and K . See also:

• LACHMANN, KARL KONRAD FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1793-1851)

Lachmann (4th ed., See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1877) and E . Henrici (Halle, 1891-1893) . A convenient edition of all Hartmann's poems by F .

Bech, 3 vols . (3rd ed., Leipzig, 1891-1893, vol . 3 in 4th ed., 1902) . The literature on Hartmann is extensive . See especially L . Schmid, See also:

• DES

Des Hinnesingers Hartmann von Aue Stand, Heimat and Geschlecht (See also:

• TUBINGEN

Tubingen, 1874) ; H . Rotteken, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die epische Kunst Heinrichs von Veldeke and Hartmanns von Aue (Halle, 1887); F . See also:

• SARAN

Saran, Hartmann von Aue als Lyriker (Halle, 1889) ; A, E . Schdnbach, Uber Hartmann von Aue (See also:

• GRAZ [GRATZ]

Graz, 1894); F . See also:

• PIQUET

Piquet, Etude sur Hartmann d'See also:

• AVE, or FIRN

Ave (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1898) . See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

Translations have been made into See also:

• MODERN

modern German of all Hartmann's poems, while Der arme Heinrich has repeatedly attracted the See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention of modern poets, both English (See also:

• LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADSWORTH (1807-1882)

Longfellow . See also:

• ROSSETTI, CHRISTINA GEORGINA (1830-1894)
• ROSSETTI, DANTE GABRIEL (1828-1882)

Rossetti) and German (notably, Gerhart See also:

• HAUPTMANN, GERHART (1862— )
• HAUPTMANN, MORITZ (1792—1868)

Hauptmann) .

See H . Tardel, Der arme Heinrich in der neueren Dichtung (Berlin, 1905) .