EL See also:

• EL HASA (Ahsa, Al Hasa)

HASA (Ahsa, Al Hasa)  , a See also:

• DISTRICT

district in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of See also:

• ARABIA

Arabia stretching along the See also:

• SHORE

shore of the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian Gulf from See also:

• KUWET (KuwEIT, KOWEIT)

Kuwet in 29° 20' N. to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south point of the Gulf of Bahrein in 25° 10' N., a length of about 36o m . On the W. it is bounded by See also:

• NEJD

Nejd, and on the S.E. by the See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula of El Katr which forms See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• OMAN

Oman . The See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast is See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low and See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat and has no deep-See also:

• WATER

water See also:

• PORT

port along its whole length with the exception of Kuwet; from that See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place to El, Katif the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country is barren and without villages or permanent settlements, and is only occupied by See also:

• NOMAD (Gr. voµas, voµabes, wandering)

nomad tribes, of which the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal are the Bani Hajar, Ajman and Khalid . The interior consists of low stony ridges rising gradually to the inner See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau . The oases of Hofuf and Katif, however, See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a strong contrast to the barren wastes that See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover the greater part of the district . Here an inexhaustible See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of underground water (to which the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province owes its name See also:

• HASA, EL (Ahsa, Al Hasa)

Hasa) issues in strong springs, marking, according to Arab geographers, the course of a See also:

• GREAT

great subterranean See also:

• RIVER

river draining the Nejd See also:

• HIGHLANDS, THE

highlands . Hofuf the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital, a See also:

• TOWN

town of 15.000 to 20,000 inhabitants, with its See also:

• NEIGHBOUR (O. Eng. neahgebiir, from Walt, " nigh," " near ")

neighbour Mubariz scarcely less populous, forms the centre of a thriving district 50 M. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long by 15 M. in breadth, containing numerous villages each with richly cultivated See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields and gardens . The town walls enclose a space of 11 by i m., at the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

angle of which is a remarkable citadel attributed to the Carmathian princes . Mubariz is celebrated for its hot See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring, known as Um Saba or " See also:

• MOTHER

mother of seven," from the seven channels by which its water is distributed . Beyond the See also:

• PRESENT

present limits of the See also:

• OASIS (Gr. &toss, the name given by Herodotus to the fertile spots in the Libyan desert: it probably represents an Egyptian word, cf. Coptic ouahe, ouih, to dwell, from which the Egyptian Arabic sod is derived)

oasis much of the country is well supplied with water, and ruined sites and See also:

• HALF

half-obliterated canals show that it has only relapsed into See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste in See also:

• RECENT

recent times . Cultivation reappears at Katif, a town situated on a small See also:

• BAY

bay some 35 M. north-west of Bahrein . Date groves extend for several See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles along the coast, which is low and muddy .

The district is fertile but the See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is hot and unhealthy; still, owing to its convenient position, the town has a considerable See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade with Bahrein and the gulf ports on one See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side and the interior of Nejd on the other . The fort is a strongly built enclosure attributed, like that at Hofuf, to the Carmathian See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince See also:

• ABU

Abu Tahir . 'Uker or 'Ujer is the nearest port to Hofuf, from which it is distant about 40 m.; large quantities of See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

rice and piece goods transhipped at Bahrein are landed here and sent on by See also:

• CARAVAN (more correctly Karwan)

caravan to Hofuf, the great See also:

• ENTREPOT (a French word, from the Lat. interpositum, that which is placed between)

entrepot for the trade between See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern Nejd and the coast . It also shares in the valuable See also:

• PEARL
• PEARL, THE

pearl See also:

• FISHERY (LAW OF)

fishery of Bahrein and the adjacent coast . Politically El Hasa is a dependency of See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey, and its capital Hofuf is the headquarters of the sanjak. or district of Nejd . Hofuf, Katif and El Katr were occupied by See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish garrisons in 1871, and the occupation has been continued in spite of See also:

• BRITISH

British protest as to El Katr, which according to the agreement made in 1867, when Bahrein was taken under British See also:

• PROTECTION

protection, was tributary to the latter . Turkish claims to Kuwet have not been admitted by Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain . AUTHOKrriae.—W . G . See also:

• PALGRAVE, FRANCIS TURNER (1824-1897)
• PALGRAVE, SIR FRANCIS (1788-1861)

Palgrave, Central and Eastern Arabia (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1865) ; L . Polly, See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal X.G.S . (1866) ; S .

M . Zwemer, Geog . Journal (1902) : G . F . Sadlier, See also:

• DIARY

Diary of a See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

Journey across Arabia (Bombay, 1866) ; V . Chirol, The See also:

• MIDDLE

Middle East (London, 1904) . (R . A .