See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

FRANCIS See also:

• HASTINGS
• FRANCIS HASTINGS
• HASTINGS, FRANK ABNEY (1794-1828)
• HASTINGS, WARREN (1732-1818)

HASTINGS  RAWDON-See also:

• HASTINGS
• HASTINGS, FRANCIS
• HASTINGS, FRANK ABNEY (1794-1828)
• HASTINGS, WARREN (1732-1818)

HASTINGS, 1st See also:

• MARQUESS (1760-1842)
• MARQUESS, or MARQUIS (Fr. marquis, Ital. marchese; from med. Lat. marchio, marchisus, i.e. comes marchiae, " count of the March ")

MARQUESS OF (1754-1826), See also:

• BRITISH

British soldier and See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 9th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1754, was the son of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Rawdon of Moira in the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of Down, 4th See also:

• BARONET

baronet, who was created See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron Rawdon of Moira, and afterwards See also:

• EARL

earl of Moira, in the Irish See also:

• PEERAGE
• PEERAGE (Fr. pairage, med. Lat. paragium; M.E. Pere, 0. Fr. per, peer, later pair; Lat. Paris, " equal ")

peerage . His See also:

• MOTHER

mother was the See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth Hastings, daughter of See also:

• THEOPHILUS

Theophilus, 9th earl of See also:

• HUNTINGDON
• HUNTINGDON, EARLS OF
• HUNTINGDON, SELINA HASTINGS, COUNTESS OF (1707—1791)

Huntingdon . See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Rawdon, as he was then called, was educated at See also:

• HARROW

Harrow and See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, and joined the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in 1771 as See also:

• ENSIGN (through the Fr. enseigne from the Latin plural insignia)

ensign in the 15th See also:

• FOOT

foot . His See also:

• LIFE

life henceforth was entirely spent in the service of his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, and may be divided into four periods: from 1775 to 1782 he was engaged with much distinction in the See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war; from 1783 to 1813 he held various high appointments at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home, and took an active See also:

• PART

part in the business of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Lords; from 1813 to 1823 was the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of his labours in India; after retiring from which, in the last years of his life (1824-1826), he was governor of See also:

• MALTA
• MALTA (or MEDITERRANEAN) FEVER

Malta . In See also:

• AMERICA

America Rawdon served at the battles of Bunker See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill, See also:

• BROOKLYN

Brooklyn, See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White Plains, See also:

• MONMOUTH (Welsh Mynwy)
• MONMOUTH, BATTLE OF (1778)
• MONMOUTH, JAMES SCOTT
• MONMOUTH, ROBERT CAREY, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1560-1639)

Monmouth and See also:

• CAMDEN
• CAMDEN, CHARLES PRATT, 1ST EARL (1714-1794)
• CAMDEN, JOHN JEFFREYS PRATT, 2ND EARL
• CAMDEN, WILLIAM (1551-1623)

Camden, at the attacks on Forts See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington and See also:

• CLINTON
• CLINTON, DE WITT (1769-1828)
• CLINTON, GEORGE (1739-1812)
• CLINTON, HENRY FYNES (1781-1852)
• CLINTON, SIR HENRY (c. 1738-1795)

Clinton, and at the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• CHARLESTON

Charleston . In fact he was engaged in many important operations of the war . Perhaps his most noted achievements were the raising of a See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps at See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia, called the Irish See also:

• VOLUNTEERS

Volunteers, who under him became famous for their fighting qualities, and the victory of Hobkirk's Hill, which, in command of only a small force, he gained by See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior military skill and determination against a much larger See also:

• BODY

body of Americans . In 1781 he was invalided . The See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel in which he returned to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England was captured and carried into See also:

• BREST

Brest . He was speedily released, and on his arrival in England was much honoured by See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George III., who created him an See also:

• ENGLISH

English peer (Baron Rawdon) in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1783 . In 1789 his mother succeeded to the See also:

• BARONY

barony of Hastings, and Rawdon added the surname of Hastings to his own . In 1793 Rawdon succeeded his See also:

• FATHER

father as earl of Moira .

In 1794 he was sent with 7000 men to See also:

• OSTEND (Flemish and French Ostende)

Ostend to reinforce the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York and the See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies in See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders . The march by which he effected a junction was considered extraordinary . In 18o3 he was appointed See also:

• COMMANDER

commander-in-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, and in 1804 he married See also:

• FLORA

Flora See also:

• MURE, SIR WILLIAM (1594–1657)
• MURE, WILLIAM (1799–1860)

Mure See also:

• CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
• CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
• CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN
• CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
• CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
• CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
• CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)

Campbell, countess of See also:

• LOUDOUN, JOHN

Loudoun in her own right . When See also:

• FOX
• FOX, C
• FOX, CHARLES JAMES (1749-1806)
• FOX, EDWARD (c. 1496-1538)
• FOX, GEORGE (1624-1691)
• FOX, RICHARD (c. 1448-1528)
• FOX, ROBERT WERE (1789—1877)
• FOX, SIR STEPHEN (1627–1716)
• FOX, SIR WILLIAM (1812-1893)

Fox and See also:

• GRENVILLE (or GRANVILLE), SIR RICHARD (r600-1658)
• GRENVILLE (or GREYNVILE), SIR RICHARD (c. 1541-1591)
• GRENVILLE, GEORGE (1712-1770)
• GRENVILLE, SIR BEVIL (1596-1643)
• GRENVILLE, WILLIAM WYNDHAM GRENVILLE, BARON (1759-1834)

Grenville came into See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power in 18o6, Lord Moira, who had always voted with them, received the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master-general of the See also:

• ORDNANCE (a syncopated form of " ordinance " or " ordonnance," so spelt in this sense since the 17th century)

ordnance . He was now enabled to carry a philanthropic measure, of which from his first entry into the House of Lords he had been a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PROMOTER

promoter, namely, the Debtor and Creditor See also:

• BILL

Bill for See also:

• RELIEF

relief of poor debtors . See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland was another subject to which he had given particular See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention: in 1797 there was published a Speech by Lord Moira on the Dreadful and Alarming See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

State of Ireland . Lord Moira's See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment on public affairs, combined with his military reputation and the uprightness of his See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, won for him a high position among the statesmen of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, and he gained an additional See also:

• PRESTIGE

prestige from his intimate relations with the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales . As a See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark of the See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent's regard Lord Moira received the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the Garter in 1812, and in the same See also:

• YEAR

year was appointed governor-general of See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal and commander-in-chief of the forces in India . He landed at See also:

• CALCUTTA

Calcutta, and assumed See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office in See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession to Lord See also:

• MINTO, EARLS OF
• MINTO, WILLIAM (1845-1893)

Minto in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1813 . One of the chief questions which awaited him was that of relations with the See also:

• GURKHA (pronounced goorka; from Sans. gau, a cow, and raks, to protect)

Gurkha state of See also:

• NEPAL, NEPAUL

Nepal . The Gurkhas, a brave and warlike little nation, failing to extend their conquests in the direction of See also:

• CHINA

China, had begun to encroach on territories held or protected by the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East India See also:

• COMPANY

Company; especially they had seized the districts of Batwal and Seoraj, in the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern part of Oudh, and when called upon to relinquish these, they deliberately elected (See also:

• APRIL

April 1814) to go to war rather than do so . Lord Moira, having travelled through the northern provinces and fully studied the question, declared war against Nepal (See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1814) .

The enemy's frontier was 600 m. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, and Lord Moira, who directed the See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign, resolved to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act offensively along the whole See also:

• LINE

line . It was an anxious under-taking, because the native states of India were all watching the issue and waiting for any serious See also:

• REVERSE

reverse to the English to join against them . At first all seemed to go badly, as the British See also:

• OFFICERS

officers despised the enemy, and the sepoys were unaccustomed to See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain warfare, and thus alternate extremes of rashness and despondency were exhibited . But this rectified itself in See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, especially through the achievements of General (afterwards Sir See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David) See also:

• OCHTERLONY, SIR DAVID

Ochterlony, who before the end of 1815 had taken all the Gurkha posts to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, and See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in 1816 was advancing victoriously within 5o m. of Khatmandu, the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital . The Gurkhas now made See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace; they abandoned the disputed districts, ceded some territory to the British, and agreed to receive a British See also:

• RESIDENT

resident . For his masterly conduct of these affairs Lord Moira was created marquess of Hastings in Febrpary 1817 . He had now to See also:

• DEAL

deal with See also:

• INTERNAL

internal dangers . A See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of Mahratta See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers was constantly threatening the continuance of British See also:

• RULE

rule, under the See also:

• GUISE
• GUISE, HOUSE OF

guise of plausible assurances severally given by the See also:

• PESHWA (Persian for " leader," " guide ")

peshwa, Sindhia, See also:

• HOLKAR

Holkar and other princes . At the same time the existence of the Pindari state was not only dangerous to the British, as being a warlike power always ready to turn against them, but it was a See also:

• SCOURGE (Ital. scoriada, from Lat. excoriare, to flay, corium, skin)

scourge to India itself . In 1816, however, the See also:

• PINDARIS

Pindaris entered British territory in the Northern Circars, where they destroyed 339 villages . On this, permission was obtained to act for their suppression . Before the end of 1817 the preparations of Lord Hastings were completed, when the peshwa suddenly See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke into war, and the British were opposed at once to the Mahratta and Pindaripowers, estimated at 200,000 men and 500 guns .

Both were utterly shattered in a brief campaign of four months (1817-18) . The peshwa's dominions were annexed, and those of Sindhia, Holkar, and the See also:

• RAJA

raja of See also:

• BERAR

Berar See also:

• LAY

lay at the See also:

• MERCY (adapted from Fr. merci, Lat. merces, reward)
• MERCY (or MERCI), FRANZ, FREIHERR VON

mercy of the governor-general, and were saved only by his moderation . Thus, after sixty years from the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• PLASSEY (Palasi)

Plassey, the supremacy of British power in India was effectively established . The Pindaris had ceased to exist, and peace and See also:

• SECURITY (Lat. securus, free from care, safe)

security had been substituted for misery and terror . " It is a proud phrase to use," said Lord Hastings, " but it is a true one, that we have bestowed blessings upon millions . Nothing can be more delightful than the reports I receive of the sensibility manifested by the inhabitants to this See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change in their circumstances . The smallest detachment of our troops cannot pass through that See also:

• DISTRICT

district without See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting everywhere eager and exulting gratulations, the See also:

• TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE (1763-1798)

tone of which proves them to come from glowing See also:

• HEARTS

hearts . Multitudes of See also:

• PEOPLE

people have, even in this See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• INTERVAL

interval, come from the hills and fastnesses in which they had sought See also:

• REFUGE

refuge for years, and have reoccupied their See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient deserted villages . The plough-See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share is again in every See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter turning up a See also:

• SOIL

soil which had for many seasons never been stirred, except by the hoofs of predatory See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry." A While the natives of India appreciated the results of Lord Hastings's achievements, the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• DIRECTORS

directors grumbled at his having extended British territory . They also disliked and opposed his See also:

• MEASURES

measures for introducing See also:

• EDUCATION

education among the natives and his encouraging the freedom of the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press . In 18r9 he obtained the cession by See also:

• PURCHASE

purchase of the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of See also:

• SINGAPORE (Malay, Singapiira, i.e. " The City of the Lion")

Singapore . In See also:

• FINANCE

finance his See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration was very successful, as notwithstanding the expenses of his See also:

• WARS

wars he showed an See also:

• ANNUAL

annual surplus of two millions See also:

• STERLING
• STERLING, ANTOINETTE (d. 1904)
• STERLING, JOHN (1806-1844)

sterling .

Brilliant and beneficent as his career had been, Lord Hastings did not See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape unjust detraction . His last years of office were embittered by the discussions on a See also:

• MATTER

matter notorious at the time, namely, the affairs of the banking-house of W . See also:

• PALMER
• PALMER, EDWARD HENRY (1840-1882)
• PALMER, ERASTUS DOW (1817-1904)
• PALMER, GEORGE (1818-1897)
• PALMER, JOHN
• PALMER, RAY (1808-1887)
• PALMER, SAMUEL (1805-1881)
• PALMER, SIR CHARLES MARK, BART

Palmer and Company . The whole affair was mixed up with insinuations against Lord Hastings, especially charging him with having been actuated by favouritism towards one of the partners in the See also:

• FIRM

firm . From imputations which were inconsistent with his whole character he has subsequently been exonerated . But while smarting under them he tendered his resignation in 1821, though he did not leave India till the first day of 1823 . He was much exhausted by the arduous labours which for more than nine years he had sustained . Among his characteristics it is mentioned that " his ample See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune absolutely sank under the benevolence of his nature "; and, far from having enriched himself in the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of governor-general, he returned to England in circumstances which obliged him still to seek public employment . In 1824 he received the comparatively small See also:

• POST

post of governor of Malta, in which island he introduced many reforms and endeared himself to the in-habitants . He died on the 28th of November 1826, leaving a See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request that his right See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand should be cut off and preserved till the See also:

• DEATH

death of the marchioness of Hastings, and then be interred in her See also:

• COFFIN (from Lat. cophinus, Gr. K64wos, a coffer, chest or basket, but never meaning " coffin " in its present sense)

coffin . Hastings was succeeded by his son, See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis George See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus (1808-1844), who in 184o succeeded through his mother to the earldom of Loudoun . When his second son, See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Weysford, the 4th marquess, died childless on the loth of November 1868 the marquessate became See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct.; the earldom of Loudoun devolved upon his See also:

• SISTER

sister, Edith See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary (d .

1874), wife of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick Abney-Hastings, afterwards Baron Donington; the barony of Hastings, which See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into See also:

• ABEYANCE (O. Fr. abeance, " gaping")

abeyance, was also revived in 1871 in her favour . See See also:

• ROSS
• ROSS, ALEXANDER (1699-1784)
• ROSS, GEORGE WILLIAM (1841- )
• ROSS, JOHN, or KOOESKOOWE (179o-1866)
• ROSS, ROBERT (1766-1814)
• ROSS, SIR HEW DALRYMPLE (1779-1868)
• ROSS, SIR JAMES CLARK (1800-1862)
• ROSS, SIR JOHN (1777-1856)

Ross-of-Bladensburg, The Marquess of Hastings (" Rulers of India " See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series) (1893) ; and Private See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of the Marquess of Hastings, edited by his daughter, the marchioness of See also:

• BUTE
• BUTE, JOHN STUART, 3RD EARL OF (1713-1792)

Bute (1858) .