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SIR HENRY HAVELOCK (1795-18J7)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 80 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SIR See also:HENRY See also:HAVELOCK (1795-18J7)  , See also:British soldier, one of the heroes of the See also:Indian See also:Mutiny, the second of four See also:brothers (all of whom entered the See also:army), was See also:born at See also:Ford See also:Hall, See also:Bishop-Wearmouth, See also:Sunderland, on the 5th of See also:April 1795 . His parents were See also:William See also:Havelock, a wealthy shipbuilder in Sunderland, and Jane, (See also:laughter of See also:John See also:Carter, See also:solicitor at See also:Stockton-on-See also:Tees . When about five years old See also:Henry accompanied his See also:elder See also:brother William to Mr See also:Bradley's school at Swanscombe, whence at the See also:age of ten he removed for seven years to See also:Charterhouse school . In accordance with the See also:desire of his See also:mother, who had died in 1811, he entered the See also:Middle See also:Temple in 1813, studying under See also:Chitty the eminent See also:special pleader . His legal studies having been abridged by a misunderstanding with his See also:father, he in 1815 accepted a second lieutenancy in the See also:Rifle See also:Brigade (95th), procured for him by the See also:interest of his brother William . During the following eight years of service in See also:Britain he read extensively and acquired a See also:good acquaintance with the theory of See also:war . In 1823, having exchanged into the 21st and thence into the 13th See also:Light See also:Infantry, he followed his brothers William and See also:Charles to See also:India, first qualifying himself in Hindustani under Dr Gilchrist, a celebrated Orientalist . At the See also:close of twenty-three years' service he was still a See also:lieutenant, and it was not until 1838 that, after three years' adjutancy of his See also:regiment, he became See also:captain . Before this, however, he had held several See also:staff appointments, notably that of See also:deputy assistant-See also:adjutant-See also:general of the forces in See also:Burma till the See also:peace of Yandabu, of which he, with See also:Lumsden and See also:Knox, procured the ratifications at See also:Ava from the ;' See also:Golden See also:Foot,"who bestowed on him the " See also:gold See also:leaf " insignia of Burmese See also:nobility . His first command had been at a stockade See also:capture in the war, and he was See also:present also at the battles of Napadee, Patanago and See also:Pagan . He had also held during his lieutenancy various interpreterships and the adjutancy of the See also:king's troops at See also:Chinsura . In 1828 he published at Serampore See also:Campaigns in Ava, and in 1829 he married Hannah Shepherd, daughter of Dr See also:Marshman, the eminent missionary .

About the same See also:

time he became a Baptist, being baptized by Mr John Mack at Serampore . During the first Afghan war he was present as aide-de-See also:camp to See also:Sir See also:Willoughby See also:Cotton at the capture of See also:Ghazni, on the 23rd of See also:July 1839, and at the occupation of See also:Kabul . After a See also:short See also:absence in See also:Bengal to secure the publication of his See also:Memoirs of the Afghan See also:Campaign, he returned to Kabul in See also:charge of recruits, and became interpreter to General See also:Elphinstone . In 184o, being attached to Sir See also:Robert See also:Sale's force, he took See also:part in the Khurd-Kabul fight, in the celebrated passage of the defiles of the Ghilzais (1841) and in the fighting from Tezeen to See also:Jalalabad . Here, after many months' See also:siege, his See also:column in a sortie en masse defeated See also:Akbar See also:Khan on the 7th of April 1842 . He was now made deputy adjutant-general of the infantry See also:division in Kabul, and in See also:September he assisted at Jagdalak, at Tezeen, and at the See also:release of the British prisoners at Kabul, besides taking a prominent part at Istaliff . Having obtained a regimental See also:majority he next went through the Mahratta campaign as See also:Persian interpreter to Sir See also:Hugh (See also:Viscount) See also:Gough, and distinguished himself at Maharajpore in 1843, and also in the See also:Sikh campaign at See also:Moodkee, See also:Ferozeshah and See also:Sobraon in 1845 . For these services he was made deputy adjutant-general at Bombay . He exchanged from the 13th to the 39th, then as second See also:major into the S3rd at the beginning of 1849, and soon afterwards See also:left for See also:England, where he spent two years . In 1854 he became quartermaster-general, then full See also:colonel, and lastly ajdutant-general of the troops in India . In 1857 he was selected by Sir See also:James See also:Outram for the command of a division in the Persian campaign, during which he was present at the actions of Muhamra and Ahwaz . Peace with See also:Persia set him See also:free just as the Mutiny See also:broke out; and he was chosen to command a column " to quell disturbances in See also:Allahabad, to support See also:Lawrence at See also:Lucknow and See also:Wheeler at See also:Cawnpore, to disperse and utterly destroy all mutineers and insurgents." At this time See also:Lady See also:Canning wrote of him in her See also:diary: " General Havelock is not in See also:fashion, but all the same we believe that he will do well .

No doubt he is fussy and tiresome, but his little old stiff figure looks as active and See also:

fit for use as if he were made of See also:steel." But in spite of this lukewarm See also:commendation Havelock proved himself the See also:man for the occasion, and won the reputation of a See also:great military See also:leader . At See also:Fatehpur, on the 12th of July, at Acing and Pandoobridge on the 15th, at Cawnpore on the 16th, at See also:Unao on the 29th, at Busherutgunge on the 29th and again on the 5th of See also:August, at Boorhya on the 12th of August, and at See also:Bithur on the 16th, he defeated overwhelming forces . Twice he advanced for the See also:relief of Lucknow, but twice prudence forbade a reckless exposure of troops wasted by See also:battle and disease in the almost impracticable task . Reinforcements arriving at last under Outram, he was enabled by the generosity of his See also:superior officer to See also:crown his successes on the 25th of September 1857 by the capture of Lucknow . There he died on the 24th of See also:November 1857, of See also:dysentery, brought on by the anxieties and fatigues connected with his victorious See also:march and with the subsequent See also:blockade of the British troops . He lived See also:long enough to receive the intelligence that he had been created K.C.B. for the first three battles of the campaign; but of the major-generalship which was shortly afterwards conferred he never knew . On the 26th of November, before tidings of his See also:death had reached England, letters-patent were directed to create him a See also:baronet and a See also:pension of £1000 a See also:year was voted at the assembling of See also:parliament . The baronetcy was afterwards bestowed upon his eldest son; while to his widow, by royal See also:order, was given the See also:rank to which she would have been entitled had her See also:husband survived and been created a baronet . To both widow and son See also:pensions of boon were awarded by parliament . See Marshman, See also:Life of Havelock (186o) ; L . J . Trotter, The See also:Bayard of India (1903); F .

M . See also:

Holmes, Four Heroes of India; G . B . See also:Smith, Heroes of the Nineteenth See also:Century (19o1); and A . See also:Forbes, Havelock (" See also:English Men of See also:Action " See also:series, 189o) .

End of Article: SIR HENRY HAVELOCK (1795-18J7)
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