See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN See also:

• SIR JOHN HAWKSHAW (1811-1891)

HAWKSHAW (1811-1891)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English engineer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• YORKSHIRE

Yorkshire in 1811, and was educated at See also:

• LEEDS
• LEEDS, THOMAS OSBORNE

Leeds See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar school . Before he was twenty-one he had been engaged for six or seven years in railway See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering and the construction of roads in his native See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, and in the See also:

• YEAR

year of his See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority he obtained an See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment as engineer to the See also:

• BOLIVAR
• BOLIVAR, SIMON (1783-1830)

Bolivar See also:

• MINING

Mining Association in See also:

• VENEZUELA

Venezuela . But the See also:

• CLIMATE

climate there was more than his See also:

• HEALTH

health could stand, and in 1834 he was obliged to return to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . He soon obtained employment under See also:

• JESSE
• JESSE, EDWARD (178o–1868)
• JESSE, JOHN HENEAGE (1815-1874)

Jesse See also:

• HARTLEY, DAVID (1705–1757)
• HARTLEY, JONATHAN SCOTT (1845– )
• HARTLEY, SIR CHARLES AUGUSTUS (1825– )

Hartley at the See also:

• LIVERPOOL
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS OF

Liverpool docks, and subsequently was made engineer in See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the railway and See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation See also:

• WORKS

works of the See also:

• MANCHESTER
• MANCHESTER (popularly Manchester-by-the-Sea)
• MANCHESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Manchester, See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

Bury and See also:

• BOLTON (BOLTON-LE-MOORS)
• BOLTON (or BOULTON), EDMUND (1S75?-1633?)
• BOLTON, DUKES OF

Bolton See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal See also:

• COMPANY

Company . In 1845 he became See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief engineer to the Manchester & Leeds railway, and in 1847 to its successor, the See also:

• LANCASHIRE

Lancashire & Yorkshire railway, for which he constructed a large number of See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch lines . In 185o he removed to See also:

• LONDON

London and began to practise as a consulting engineer, at first alone, but subsequently in See also:

• PARTNERSHIP (earlier forms, partener, parcener, from Late Lat. partionarius for partitionarius, from partitio, sharing, pars, part)

partnership with See also:

• HARRISON
• HARRISON, BENJAMIN
• HARRISON, FREDERIC (1831— )
• HARRISON, JOHN (1693—1776)
• HARRISON, THOMAS (16o6-166o)
• HARRISON, THOMAS ALEXANDER (1853– )
• HARRISON, WILLIAM (1534–1593)
• HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY (1773–1841)

Harrison See also:

• HAYTER, SIR GEORGE (1792–1871)

Hayter . In that capacity his See also:

• WORK

work was of an extremely varied nature, embracing almost every branch of engineering . He retained his connexion with the Lancashire & Yorkshire Company until his retirement from professional work in 1888, and was consulted on all the important engineering points that affected it in that See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . In London he was responsible for the Charing See also:

• CROSS

Cross and See also:

• CANNON (a word common to Romance languages, from the Lat. canna, a reed, tube, with the addition of the augmentative termination -on, -one)

Cannon See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways, together with the two See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges which carried them over the See also:

• THAMES

Thames; he was engineer of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East London railway, which passes under the Thames through See also:

• SIR

Sir M . I . See also:

• BRUNEL, ISAMBARD KINGDOM (1806-1859)
• BRUNEL, SIR MARC ISAMBARD (1769-1849)

Brunel's well-known See also:

• TUNNEL (Fr. tonne!, later tonneau, a diminutive from Low Lat. tonna, tunna, a tun, cask)

tunnel; and jointly with Sir J . See also:

• WOLFE, CHARLES (1791-1823)
• WOLFE, JAMES (1727-1759)

Wolfe See also:

• BARRY
• BARRY, ELIZABETH (1658—1713)
• BARRY, JAMES (1741—1806)
• BARRY, SIR CHARLES (1795-1860)
• BARRY, SIR REDMOND (1813-188o)
• BARRY, SPRANGER (1719-1777)

Barry he constructed the See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section of the Underground railway which completed the " inner circle " between the Aldgate and See also:

• MANSION (through O. Fr. mansion, mod. maison, from Lat. mansio, dwelling-place, stage on a journey; manere, to remain)

Mansion See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House stations .

In addition, many railway works claimed his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention in all parts of the See also:

• WORLD

world—See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, See also:

• MAURITIUS

Mauritius, &c . One noteworthy point in his railway practice was his advocacy, in opposition to See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• STEPHENSON, GEORGE (1781–1848)
• STEPHENSON, O
• STEPHENSON, ROBERT (1803-1859)

Stephenson, of steeper gradients than had previously been thought desirable or possible, and so far back as 1838 he expressed decided disapproval of the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of the broad See also:

• GAUGE, or GAGE (Med. Lat. gauja, jaugia, Fr. jauge, perhaps connected with Fr. jale, a bowl, galon, gallon)

gauge on the See also:

• GREAT

Great Western, because of the troubles he foresaw it would See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead to in connexion with future railway See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension, and because he objected in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general to breaks of gauge in the lines of a See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . The construction of canals was another branch of engineering in which he was actively engaged . In 1862 he became engineer of the See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam See also:

• SHIP

ship-canal, and in the succeeding year he may fairly be said to have been the saviour of the See also:

• SUEZ

Suez Canal . About that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme was in very See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad odour, and the See also:

• KHEDIVE

khedive determined to get the See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion of an English engineer as to its practicability, having made up his mind to stop the works if that opinion was unfavourable . See also:

• HAWKSHAW, SIR JOHN (1811-1891)

Hawkshaw was chosen to make the inquiry, and it was because his See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report was entirely favourable that M. de See also:

• LESSEPS, FERDINAND DE (1805-1894)

Lesseps was able to say at the opening ceremony that.to him he owed the canal . As a member of the See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

International See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress which considered the construction of an interoceanic canal across central See also:

• AMERICA

America, he thought best of the Nicaraguan route, and privately he regarded the See also:

• PANAMA

Panama scheme as impracticable at a reasonable cost, although publicly he expressed no opinion on the See also:

• MATTER

matter and See also:

• LEFT

left the Congress without voting . Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Hawkshaw also had a wide experience in constructing harbours (e.g . See also:

• HOLYHEAD (Caergybi, the fort of Cybi, the saint mentioned by Matthew Arnold as meeting St Seiriol of Penm6n, Anglesey)

Holyhead) and docks (e.g . See also:

• PENARTH

Penarth, the See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert See also:

• DOCK

Dock at See also:

• HULL
• HULL (in O.Eng. hulu, from helan, to cover, cf. Ger. Hiille, covering)
• HULL (officially KINGSTON-UPON-HULL)
• HULL, ISAAC (1775-1843)

Hull, and the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south dock of the East and See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West India Docks in London), in See also:

• RIVER

river-engineering, in drainage and See also:

• SEWERAGE

sewerage, in See also:

• WATER

water-See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply, &c . He was engineer, with Sir See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James Brunlees, of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original Channel Tunnel Company from 1872, but many years previously he had investigated for himsself the question of a tunnel under the Strait of See also:

• DOVER
• DOVER, GEORGE JAMES WELBORE
• DOVER, HENRY JERMYN, EARL OF (c. 1636-1708)
• DOVER, ROBERT (1575-1641)

Dover from an engineering point of view, and had come to a belief in its feasibility, so far as that could be determined from borings and surveys . Subsequently, however, he became convinced that the tunnel would not be to the See also:

• ADVANTAGE

advantage of Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, and thereafter would have nothing to do with the project .

He was also engineer of the See also:

• SEVERN
• SEVERN, JOSEPH (1793-1879)

Severn Tunnel, which, from its magnitude and the difficulties encountered in its construction, must See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank as one of the most notable engineering undertakings of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . Be died in London on the 2nd of See also:

• JUNE

June 189r .