FREIHERR VON

AUGUST

See also:

• FRANZ, ROBERT (1815-1892)

FRANZ

See also:

• LUDWIG, KARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1816—1895)
• LUDWIG, OTTO (1813-1865)

LUDWIG MARIA

See also:

• FREIHERR VON AUGUST FRANZ LUDWIG MARIA HAXTHAUSEN (1792—1866)

HAXTHAUSEN (1792—1866)  , German political economist, was born near Paderborn in Westphalia on the 3rd of February 1792 . Having studied at the school of mining at Klausthal, and having served in the Hanoverian army, he entered the university of Gottingen in 1815 . Finishing his course there in 1818 he was engaged in managing his estates and in studying the land laws . The result of his studies appeared in 1829 when he published Uber die Agrarverfassung in den Fiirstentumern Paderborn and Corvey, a work which attracted much attention and which procured for its author a commission to investigate and report upon the Iand laws of the Prussian provinces with a view to a new code . After nine years of labour he published in 1839 an exhaustive treatise, Die landliche Verfassung in der Provinz Preussen, and in 1843, at the request of the emperor Nicholas, he undertook a similar work for Russia, the fruits of his investigations in that country being contained in his Studien fiber die innern Zustdnde des Volkslebens, and insbesondere die land-lichen Einrichtungen Russlands (Hanover, 184.7—'1852) . He received various honours, was a member of the combined diet in Berlin in 1847 and 1848, and afterwards of the Prussian upper house . Haxthausen died at Hanover on the 31st of December 1866 . In addition to the works already mentioned he wrote Die landliche Verfassung Russlands (Leipzig, 1866) . His Studien has been translated into French and into English by R . Farie as The Russian Empire (1856) . Other works of his which have appeared in English are: Transcaucasia; Sketches of the Nations and Races between the Black Sea and the Caspian (1854), and The Tribes of the Caucasus (1855) . Haxthausen edited Das konstitutionelle Prinzip (Leipzig, 1864), a collection of political writings by various authors, which has been translated into French (1865) .