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HAY , a marketSee also: town and See also: urban See also: district of See also: Breconshire, See also: south See also: Wales, on the See also: Hereford and See also: Brecon section of the Midland railway, 1642 m. from See also: London, 20 M
.
W. of Hereford and 17 M
.
N.E. of Brecon by See also: rail
.
Pop
.
(1901), 1680
.
The See also: Golden Valley railway to Pontrilas (184 m.), now a branch of the See also: Great Western, also starts from Hay
.
The town occupies rising ground on the south (right) See also: bank of the Wye, which here separates the counties of Brecknock and See also: Radnor but immediately below enters See also: Herefordshire, from which the town is separated on the E. by the See also: river Dulas
.
See also: Leland and See also: Camden ascribe a See also: Roman origin to the town, and the former states that quantities of Roman See also: coin (called by the country See also: people " Jews' See also: money ") and some pottery had been found near by, but of this no other record is known
.
The Wye valley in this district served as the See also: gate between the See also: present counties of Brecknock and Hereford, and, though Welsh continued for two or three centuries after the Norman See also: Conquest to be the spoken language of the adjoining See also: part of Herefordshire south of the Wye (known as Archenfield), there must have been a " burh " serving as a Mercian outpost at Glasbury, 4 M
.
W. of Hay, which was itself several See also: miles west of See also: Offa's Dyke
.
But the earliest See also: settlement at Hay probably See also: dates from the Norman conquest of the district by See also: Bernard See also: Newmarch about to88 (in which See also: year he granted Glasbury, probably as the first fruits of his invasion, to St See also: Peter's, See also: Gloucester)
.
The See also: manor of Hay, which probably corresponded to some existing Welsh division, he gave to See also: Sir See also: Philip Walwyn, but it soon reverted to the donor, and its subsequent
See also: devolution down to its forfeiture to the See also: crown as part of the duke of See also: Buckingham's estate in 1521,=was identical with that of the lordship of Brecknock (see BRECONSHIRE)
.
The See also: castle, which was probably built in Newmarch's See also: time and rebuilt by his great-See also: grandson See also: William de Breos, passed on the latter's attainder to the crown, but was again seized by de Breos's second son,
See also: Giles, See also: bishop of Hereford, in 1215, and re-taken by See also: King
See also: John in the following year
.
In 1231 it was burnt by
See also: Llewelyn ab Iorwerth, and in the Barons' War it was taken in 1263 by See also: Prince See also: Edward, but in the following year was burnt by See also: Simon Montfort and the last Llewelyn
.
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