See also:

• HAZEL (0. Eng. hresell; cf. Ger. Hasel, Swed. and Dan. Kassel, &c.,; Fr. noiselier, coudrier)

HAZEL (0. Eng. hresell; cf. Ger. Hasel, Swed. and See also:

• DAN

Dan. Kassel, &c.,; Fr. noiselier, coudrier)  , botanically corylus, a genus of shrubs or See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low trees of the natural See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order Corylaceae . The See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• HAZEL (0. Eng. hresell; cf. Ger. Hasel, Swed. and Dan. Kassel, &c.,; Fr. noiselier, coudrier)

hazel, Corylus Avellana (fig . I), occurs throughout See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, in See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa and in central and See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• ASIA

Asia, except the northernmost parts . It is commonly found in hedges and coppices, and as an undergrowth in See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

woods, and reaches a height of some 12 ft.; occasionally, as at Eastwell See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park, See also:

• KENT
• KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• KENT, JAMES (1763-1847)
• KENT, WILLIAM (1685-1748)

Kent, it may attain to 30 ft . According to See also:

• EVELYN, JOHN (1620-1706)

Evelyn (Sylva, p . 35, 1664), hazels " above all affect See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold, barren, dry, and sandy soils; also mountains, and even rockie ground produce them; but more plentifully if somewhat moist, dankish, and mossie.'' In Kent they flourish best in a calcareous See also:

• SOIL

soil . The bark of the older stems is of a See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown, mottled with See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey, that of the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young twigs is ash-coloured, and glandular and hairy . The leaves are alternate, from 2 to 4 in. in length, downy below, roundish See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart-shaped, pointed and shortly stalked . In the variety C. purpurea, the leaves, as also the pellicle of the See also:

• KERNEL (O.E. cyrnel, a diminutive of " corn," seed, grain)

kernel and the husk of the See also:

• NUT
• NUT (0. Eng. knutu, cf. Dutch noot, Ger. Nuss; allied with Gael. cno; it is not of the same form as Lat. nux)

nut, are See also:

• PURPLE

purple, and in C. heterophylla they are thickly clothed with hairs . In autumn the See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich yellow tint acquired by the leaves of the hazel adds greatly to the beauty of landscapes . Tlie See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers are monoecious, and appear in See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February and See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March, before the leaves . The cylindrical drooping yellow male catkins (fig .

2) are I to 21 in. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, and occur 2 to 4 in a raceme; when in unusual See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers they may be terminal in position . The See also:

• FEMALE

female flowers are small, sub-globose and sessile, 1 It has been supposed that the origin is to be found in O . Eng. has, a behest, connected with hatan = Ger. heissen, to give orders : the hazel-wand was .the See also:

• SCEPTRE

sceptre of authority of the shepherd chieftain (Irocµ,}v aawv) of olden times, see See also:

• GRIMM, FRIEDRICH MELCHIOR, I
• GRIMM, JACOB LUDWIG CARL (1785-1863)
• GRIMM, WILHELM CARL (1786-1859)

Grimm, Gesch. d. See also:

• DEUTSCH, IMMANUEL OSCAR MENAHEM (1829-1873)

deutsch . Sprache, p. roi6, 1848 . The See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root is kas-, cf . See also:

• LAT

Lat. corulas, corylus; and the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original meaning is unknown . resembling See also:

• LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

leaf-buds, and have protruding See also:

• CRIMSON

crimson stigmas; the See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute inner bracts, by their enlargement, See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the palmately lobed and cut involucre or husk of the nut . The ovary is not visible till nearly midsummer, and is not fully See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed before autumn . The nuts have a length of from i to f in., and grow in clusters . See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

Double nuts are the result of the equal development of the two carpels of the original See also:

• FLOWER (Lat. flos, floris; Fr. fleur)
• FLOWER, SIB

flower, of which ordinarily one becomes abortive; See also:

• FUSION

fusion of two or more nuts is not uncommon . From the See also:

• LIGHT

light-brown or brown See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour of the nuts the terms hazel and hazelly, i.e . " in See also:

• HUE

hue as hazel nuts " (See also:

• SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM (1564-1616)

Shakespeare, Taming of the See also:

• SHREW

Shrew, ii .

1), derive their significance.' The See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood of the hazel is whitish-red, See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close in texture and pliant, and has when dry a See also:

• WEIGHT

weight of 49 lb per cub. ft.; it has been used in See also:

• CABINET

cabinet-making, and for toys and turned articles . Curiously veined veneers are obtained from the roots; and the root-shoots are largely employed in the making of See also:

• CRATES

crates, coalcorves or baskets, hurdles, withs and bands, See also:

• WHIP

whip-handles and other See also:

• OBJECTS

objects . The rods are reputed to be most durable when from the driest ground, and to be especially See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good where the bottom is chalky . The light See also:

• CHARCOAL

charcoal afforded by the hazel serves well for crayons, and is valued by See also:

• GUNPOWDER

gunpowder manufacturers . An objection to the construction of hedges of hazel is the injury not in-frequently done to them by the nut-gatherer, who " with active vigour crushes down the See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree " (See also:

• THOMSON, JAMES (1822-1892)
• THOMSON, JAMES (1834-1882)
• THOMSON, JAMES (r700-1748)
• THOMSON, JOHN (1778-184o)
• THOMSON, JOSEPH (1858-1895)
• THOMSON, SIR CHARLES WYVILLE (1830-1882)
• THOMSON, THOMAS (1773-1852)
• THOMSON, WILLIAM (1819-189o)

Thomson's Seasons, " Autumn "), and otherwise See also:

• DAMAGES (through O. Fr. damage, mod. Fr. dommage, from Lat. damnum, loss)

damages it . The filbert,2 among the numerous varieties of Corylus Avellana, is extensively cultivated, especially in Kent, for the See also:

• SAKE

sake of its nuts, which are readily distinguished from See also:

• COB

cob-nuts by their ample involucre and greater length . It may be propagated by suckers and layers, by grafting and by See also:

• SOWING (from "to sow," O. Eng. shwan, cf. Du. zaaijen, Ger. saen, &c.; the root is seen in Lat. severe, cf. "seed")

sowing . Suckers afford the strongest and earliest-bearing See also:

• PLANTS

plants . Grafted filberts are less liable than others to be encumbered by suckers at the root . By the See also:

• MAIDSTONE

Maidstone growers the best plants are considered to be obtained from layers . These become well rooted in about a twelvemonth, and then, after pruning, are bedded out in the nursery for two or three years . The filbert is economically grown on the See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of plantations or orchards, or in open spots in woods .

It thrives most in a light See also:

• LOAM (O.E. lam; the word appears in Dut. leem and Ger. Lehm; the ultimate origin is the root lai-, meaning " to be sticky," which is seen in the cognate " lime," Lat. limus, mud, clay)

loam with a dry subsoil; rich and; in particular, wet soils are unsuitable, conducing to the formation of too much wood . Plantations of filberts are made in autumn, in well-drained ground, and a space of about to ft. by 8 has to be allowed for each tree . In the third See also:

• YEAR

year after planting the trees may require root-pruning; in the fifth or See also:

• SIXTH

sixth they should See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear well . The nuts grow in greatest abundance on the extremities of second year's branches, where light and See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air have ready See also:

• ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access . To obtain a good tree, the practice in Kent is to select a stout upright shoot 3 ft. in length; this is cut down to about 18 in. of which the See also:

• LOWER

lower 12 are kept See also:

• FREE

free from out-growth . The See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head is pruned to form six or eight strong offsets; and by judicious use of the See also:

• KNIFE (0. E. cuff, a word appearing in different forms in many Teutonic languages, cf. Du. knijf, Ger. Kneif, a shoe-maker's knife, Swed. knif; the ultimate origin is unknown; Skeat finds the origin in the root of " nip," formerly " knip "; Fr. canif is a

knife, and by training, preferably on a hoop placed within them, these are caused to grow outwards and upwards to a height of about 6 ft. so as to form a bowl-like shape . Excessive luxuriance of the laterals may be combated by root-pruning, or by checking them See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season, and again later, and by cutting back to a female blossom bud, or else spurring nearly down to the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch in the following See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring . Filbert nuts required for keeping must be gathered only when quite ripe; they may then he preserved in dry See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand, or, after drying, by packing with a•sprinkling of See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt in See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound casks or newflower-pots . Their different forms include the Cosford, which are thin-shelled and oblong; the Downton, or large square nut, having a lancinated husk; the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white or See also:

• WROTHAM

Wrotham Park filbert; and the red hazel or filbert, the kernel of which has a red pellicle . The last two, on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of their elongated husk, have been distinguished as a See also:

• SPECIES

species, under the name Corylus tubulosa . Like these, apparently, were the nuts of Abella, or See also:

• AVELLA (anc. Abella)

Avella, in the See also:

• CAMPANIA

Campania (cf . Fr. aveline, filbert), said by See also:

• PLINY, THE ELDER
• PLINY, THE YOUNGER

Pliny to have been originally designated " Pontic," from their introduction into Asia and See also:

• GREECE

Greece from See also:

• PONTUS

Pontus (see Nat_ Hist. xv .

24, See also:

• XXIII

xxiii . 78) . Hazel-nuts, under the name of See also:

• BARCELONA

Barcelona or See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish nuts, are largely exported from See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal, and especially See also:

• TARRAGONA
• TARRAGONA (anc. Tarraco)

Tarragona and other places in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain . They afford 6o% of a colourless or See also:

• PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale-yellow, sweet-tasting, non-drying oil, which has a specific gravity of 0.92 nearly, becomes solid at -19° C . (Cloez), and consists approximately of See also:

• CARBON (symbol C, atomic weight 12)

carbon 77, and See also:

• HYDROGEN [symbol H, atomic weight x-oo8 (0=16)]

hydrogen and See also:

• OXYGEN (symbol 0, atomic weight 16)

oxygen each 11.5% . Hazel nuts formed See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake-dwellers of See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland and other countries of Europe (see See also:

• KELLER, ALBERT (1845- )
• KELLER, GOTTFRIED (1819-1890)
• KELLER, HELEN ADAMS (188o- )

Keller, Lake Dwellings, trans . See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee, 2nd ed., 1878) . By the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans they were sometimes eaten roasted . Kaltenbach (Pflanzenfeinde, pp . 633-638, 1874) enumerates ninety-eight See also:

• INSECTS

insects which attack the hazel . Among these the See also:

• BEETLE (O. Eng. bityl; connected with " bite ")

beetle Balaninus nucum, the nut-See also:

• WEEVIL

weevil, seen on hazel and See also:

• OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

oak stems from the end of May till See also:

• JULY

July, is highly destructive to the nuts . The female See also:

• LAYS

lays an See also:

• EGG (O.E. aeg, cf. Ger. Ei, Swed. aegg, and prob. Gr. u,ov, Lat. ovum)
• EGG, AUGUSTUS LEOPOLD (1816-1863)

egg in the unripe nut, on the kernel of which the larva subsists till See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September, when it bores its way through the See also:

• SHELL
• SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

shell, and enters the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth, to undergo transformation into a chrysalis in the ensuing spring .

The leaves of the hazel are frequently found See also:

• MINED

mined on the upper and under See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side respectively by the larvae of the ,moths Lithocolletis coryli and L . Nicelii . Squirrels and dormice are very destructive to the nut See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop, as they not only take for See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• CONSUMPTION (Lat. consumere)

consumption but for a See also:

• STORE (from O. Fr. estor or estoire, Late Lat. staurum or instaurum, stock, provisions, supply, from the late use of instaurare, to provide, properly to construct, renew, restore)

store for future See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply . Parasitic on the roots of the hazel is found the curious leafless Lathraea Squamaria or See also:

• TOOTHWORT

toothwort . The See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew word luz, translated " hazel " in the authorized version of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible (Gen. See also:

• XXX

xxx . 37), is believed to signify " See also:

• ALMOND (from the O. Fr. almande or alemande, late Lat. amandola, derived through a form amingdola from the Gr. l uybian, an almond; the al- for a- is probably due to a confusion with the Arabic article al, the word having first dropped the a- as in the It

almond " (see See also:

• KITTO, JOHN (1804–1854)

Kitto, Cycl. of Bibl . Lit. ii . 869, and iii . 811, 1864) . A belief in the efficacy of See also:

• DIVINING

divining-rods of hazel for the See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of concealed objects is probably of remote origin (cf . See also:

• HOSEA

Hosea iv . 12) .

G . See also:

• AGRICOLA (originally SCHNEIDER, then SCHNITTER), JOHANNES (1494-1566)
• AGRICOLA (the Latinized form of the name BAUER), GEORG (1490-1555)
• AGRICOLA, CHRISTOPH LUDWIG (1667-1719)
• AGRICOLA, GNAEUS JULIUS (A.D. 37-93)
• AGRICOLA, JOHANN FRIEDRICH (1720-1774)
• AGRICOLA, MARTIN (c. 1500-1556)
• AGRICOLA, RODOLPHUS (properly ROELOF HUYSMANN) (1443-1485)

Agricola, in his See also:

• TREATISE

treatise Vom Bergwerck (pp. See also:

• XXIX

xxix.-xxxi., See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel, 1557), gives an account, accompanied by a woodcut, of their employment in searching for See also:

• MINERAL

mineral See also:

• VEINS

veins . By certain persons, who for different metals used rods of various materials, rods of hazel, he says, were held serviceable simply for See also:

• SILVER

silver lodes, and by the skilled miner, who trusted to natural signs of mineral veins, they were regarded as of no avail at all . The virtue of the hazel wand was supposed to be dependent on its having two forks; these were to be grasped in the fists, with the fingers uppermost, but with moderate firmness only, lest the free See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion of the opposite end downwards towards the looked-for See also:

• OBJECT

object should be interfered with . According to Cornish tradition, the divining or dowsing See also:

• ROD (O.E. rodd, probably related to Norw. rudda, stick, rodda, stake)
• ROD, EDOUARD (1857-1910)

rod is guided to lodes by the pixies, the guardians of the treasures of the earth . By Vallemont, who wrote towards the end of the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, the divining-rod of hazel, or " baguette divinatoire," is described as instrumental in the pursuit of criminals . The Jesuit Vaniere, who flourished in the early part of the 18th century, in the Praedium rusticum (pp . 12, 13, new ed., See also:

• TOULOUSE
• TOULOUSE, LOUIS ALEXANDRE DE BOURBON, COUNT OF (1678-1737)

Toulouse, 1742) amusingly relates the manner in which he exposed the chicanery of one who pretended by the aid of a hazel divining-rod to point out hidden See also:

• WATER

water-courses and See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold . The burning of hazel nuts for the magical investigation of the future is alluded to by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• GAY, JOHN (1685-1732)
• GAY, MARIE FRANCOISE SOPHIE (1776-1852)
• GAY, WALTER (1856– )

Gay in See also:

• THURSDAY

Thursday, or the Spell, and by See also:

• BURNS, JOHN (1858– )
• BURNS, ROBERT (1759-1796)
• BURNS, SIR GEORGE

Burns in Halloween . The hazel is very frequently mentioned by the old See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• ROMANCE

romance writers . Corylus rostrata and C. americana of North See also:

• AMERICA

America have edible fruits like those of C . Avellana .

The See also:

• WITCH

witch hazel is quite a distinct plant, Hamamelis virginica, of the natural order Hamamalideae, the astringent bark of which is used in See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine . It is a See also:

• HARDY, ALEXANDRE (1569?-1631)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS DUFFUS (1804-1878)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS MASTERMAN
• HARDY, THOMAS (1840- )

hardy See also:

• DECIDUOUS (from Lat. decidere, to fall down)

deciduous See also:

• SHRUB

shrub, native of North America, which bears a profusion of rich yellow flowers in autumn and See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter when the plant is leafless .