THE See also:

• HEIDELBERG

HEIDELBERG See also:

• CATECHISM (from Gr. Karnxeiv, teach by word of mouth)

CATECHISM  , the most attractive of all the catechisms of the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation, was See also:

• DRAWN

drawn up at the bidding of See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick III., elector of the See also:

• PALATINATE (Ger. Pfalz)

Palatinate, and published on Tuesday the loth of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1563 . The new See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion in the Palatinate had been largely under the guidance of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• MELANCHTHON, FHILIPP (1497–155o)

Melanchthon, who had revived the old university of See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg and staffed it with sympathetic teachers . One of these,Tillemann, Heshusius, who became See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent in 1558, held extreme Lutheran views on the Real Presence, and in his See also:

• DESIRE

desire to force the community into his own position excommunicated his colleague Klebitz, who held Zwinglian views . When the See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach was widening Frederick, " der fromme Kurfurst," came to the See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession, dismissed the two See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief combatants and referred the trouble to Melanchthon, whose guarded See also:

• VERDICT (O. Fr. verdit, Lat. vere dictum, truly said, used in Late Latin in one word with its present significance)

verdict was distinctly Swiss rather than Lutheran . In a See also:

• DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August I 56o the elector declared for See also:

• CALVIN, JOHN (1509-1564)

Calvin and See also:

• ZWINGLI, HULDREICH (1484—1531)

Zwingli, and soon after he resolved to issue a new and unambiguous See also:

• CATECHISM (from Gr. Karnxeiv, teach by word of mouth)

catechism of the evangelical faith . He entrusted the task to two See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young men who have won deserved remembrance by their learning and their See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character alike . See also:

• ZACHARIAS, ST

Zacharias See also:

• URSINUS, ZACHARIAS (1534-1583)

Ursinus was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• BRESLAU (Polish Wraclaw)

Breslau in See also:

• JULY

July 1534 and attained high See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour in the university of See also:

• WITTENBERG

Wittenberg . In 1558 he was made See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of the gymnasium in his native See also:

• TOWN

town, but the incessant strife with the extreme See also:

• LUTHERANS

Lutherans drove him to See also:

• ZURICH
• ZURICH (Fr. Zurich; Ital. Zurigo)

Zurich, whence Frederick, on the See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice of See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter See also:

• MARTYR (Gr. pimp or µaprvs)

Martyr, summoned him to be See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology at Heidelberg and superintendent of the Sapientiae Collegium . He was a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of modest and See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

gentle spirit, not endowed with See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching gifts, but unwearied in study and consummately able to impart his learning to others . Deposed from his See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair by the elector See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis in 1576, he lived with See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Casimir at See also:

• NEUSTADT (Polish, Prudnik)

Neustadt and found a congenial See also:

• SPHERE (Gr. vclsa?pa, a ball or globe)

sphere in the new See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

seminary there, dying in his 49th See also:

• YEAR

year, in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1583 . Caspar Olevianus was born at Treves in 1536 . He gave up See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law for theology, studied under Calvin in See also:

• GENEVA
• GENEVA (Fr. Geneve, Ger. Genf, Ital. Ginevra, Late Lat. Gebenna, though Genava in good Latin)
• GENEVA, LAKE OF

Geneva, Peter Martyr in Zurich, and See also:

• BEZA (DE BESZE), THEODORE (1519—1605)

Beza in See also:

• LAUSANNE

Lausanne .

Urged by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• FAREL, GUILLAUME (1489-1565)

Farel he preached the new faith in his native See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, and when banished therefrom found a See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home with Frederick of Heidelberg, where he gained high renown as preacher and See also:

• ADMINISTRATOR

administrator . His ardour and See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm made him • the happy See also:

• COMPLEMENT (Lat. complementum, from complere, to fill up)

complement of Ursinus . When the reaction came under Louis he was befriended by See also:

• LUDWIG, KARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1816—1895)
• LUDWIG, OTTO (1813-1865)

Ludwig von Sain, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• WITTGENSTEIN, LUDWIG ADOLF PETER, COUNT

Wittgenstein, and John, See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• NASSAU

Nassau, in 1vhose city of Herborn he did notable See also:

• WORK

work at the high school until his See also:

• DEATH

death on the 15th of March 1587 . The elector could have chosen no better men, young as they were, for the task in See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand . As a first step each See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew up a catechism of his own See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition, that of Ursinus being naturally of a more See also:

• GRAVE

grave and See also:

• ACADEMIC

academic turn than the freer See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of Olevianus, while each made full use of the earlier catechisms already in use . But when the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union was effected it was found that the See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits of the two authors were most happily and harmoniously wedded, the exactness and erudition of the one being blended with the fervency and See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

grace of the other . Thus the Heidelberg Catechism, which was completed within a year of its inception, has an individuality that marks it out from all its predecessors and successors . The Heidelberg See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod unanimously approved of it,it was published in January 1563, and in the same year officially turned into Latin by Jos . Lagus and See also:

• LAMBERT [alias NICHOLSON], JOHN (d. 1538)
• LAMBERT, DANIEL (1770-1809)
• LAMBERT, FRANCIS (c 1486-153o)
• LAMBERT, JOHANN HEINRICH (1728–1777)
• LAMBERT, JOHN (1619-1694)

Lambert Pithopoeus . The ultra-Lutherans attacked the catechism with great bitterness, the See also:

• ASSAULT (from Lat. ad, to or on, and saltare, to leap)

assault being led by Heshusius and See also:

• FLACIUS (Ger. Flack; Slay. Vlakich), MATTHIAS (1520-1575)

Flacius Illyricus . See also:

• MAXIMILIAN
• MAXIMILIAN (1832—1867)

Maximilian II. remonstrated against it as an infringement of the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• AUGSBURG
• AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF
• AUGSBURG, WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF

Augsburg . A See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference was held at Maulbronn in See also:

• APRIL

April 1564, and a See also:

• PERSONAL

personal attack was made on the elector at the See also:

• DIET

diet of Augsburg in 1566, but the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence was well sustained, and the Heidelberg See also:

• BOOK

book rapidly passed beyond the See also:

• BOUNDS, BEATING THE

bounds of the Palatinate (where indeed it suffered See also:

• ECLIPSE (Gr. €uheo,tis, falling out of place, failing)

eclipse from 1576 to 1583, during the electorate of Louis), and gained an abundant Success not only in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany (See also:

• HESSE
• HESSE (Lat. Hessia, Ger. Hessen)

Hesse, See also:

• ANHALT

Anhalt, See also:

• BRANDENBURG

Brandenburg and See also:

• BREMEN

Bremen) but also in the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands (1588), and in the Reformed churches of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary, Transylvania and See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland .

It was officially recognized by the synod of See also:

• DORT, SYNOD OF

Dort in 1619, passed into See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain and See also:

• AMERICA

America, and probably shares with the De imitatione Christi and The See also:

• PILGRIM

Pilgrim's Progress the honour of coming next to the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible in the number of See also:

• TONGUES, GIFT OF, or GLOSSOLALIA (yXwova, tongue, aXeiv, speak)

tongues into which it has been translated . This wide See also:

• ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance and high esteem are due largely to an avoidance of polemical and controversial subjects, and even more to an See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of the controversial spirit . There is no See also:

• MISTAKE (i.e. take amiss)

mistake about its Protestantism, even when we omit the unhappy addition made to See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer 8o by Frederick himself (in indignant reply to the See also:

• BAN

ban pronounced by the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council of See also:

• TRENT
• TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)
• TRENT, COUNCIL OF

Trent), in which the See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

Mass is described as " nothing else than a denial of the one See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice and See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion of Jesus See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ, and an accursed See also:

• IDOLATRY

idolatry "—an addition which is the one blot on the irrleirceta of the catechism . The work is the product of the best qualities of See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head and See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart, and its See also:

• PROSE

prose is frequently marked by all the beauty of a lyric . It follows the See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of the See also:

• EPISTLE

epistle to the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans (excepting chapters ix.-xt.) and falls into three parts: See also:

• SIN
• SIN (O. Eng. syn: a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zonde, Ger. Siinde)

Sin, Redemption and the New See also:

• LIFE

Life . This arrangement alone would See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark it out from the normal reformation catechism, which runs along the stereotyped lines of See also:

• DECALOGUE (in patristic Gr. 7] SercaXoyos, sc. (3i(3)tos or vopoGevia)

Decalogue, Creed, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord's See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

Prayer See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church and Sacraments . These themes are included, but are shown as organically related . The Commandments, e.g . " belong to the first See also:

• PART

part so far as they are a See also:

• MIRROR (through O. Fr. mirour, mod. miroir, from a sup-posed Late Lat. miratorium, from mirari, to admire)

mirror of our sin and misery, but also to the third part, as being the See also:

• RULE

rule of our new obedience and See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian life." The Creed—a See also:

• PANORAMA (Gr. -rap, all, and opa,ua, view)

panorama of the See also:

• SUBLIME (Lat. sublimis, exalted)

sublime facts of redemption—and the sacraments find their See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the second part; the Lord's Prayer (with the Decalogue) in the third . See The Heidelberg Catechism, the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

Text, with a Revised See also:

• TRANSLATION

Translation and Introduction, edited by A . Smellie (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1900) .