See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

HEIR (See also:

• LAT

Lat. heres, from a See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of a See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, Gr. xeip, See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, Sans. See also:

• HAT

hat See also:

• ANA

ana, hand)  , in See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, technically one who succeeds, by descent, to aq, See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate of See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance, in contradistinction to one who succeeds to See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• PROPERTY

property, i.e. next of See also:

• KIN (0. E. cyn, a word represented in nearly all Teutonic languages, cf. Du. kunne, Dan. and Swed. kon, Goth kuni, tribe; the Teutonic base is kunya; the equivalent Aryan root gan- to beget, produce, is seen in Gr. 'yEvos, Lat. genus, cf. "kind")

kin . The word is now used generally to denote the See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person who is entitled by law to inherit property, titles, &c., of another . The rules regulating the descent of property to 'an See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir will be found in the articles INHERITANCE, See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

SUCCESSION, &C . An heir apparent (See also:

• LAT

Lat. apparens, See also:

• MANIFEST (Lat. manifestus, clear, open to view)

manifest) is he whose right of inheritance is indefeasible, provided he outlives the ancestor, e.g. an eldest or only son . Heir by See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom, or customary heir, he who inherits by a particular and See also:

• LOCAL

local custom, as in See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough-See also:

• ENGLISH

English, whereby the youngest son inherits, or in See also:

• GAVELKIND

gavelkind, whereby all the sons I named was formerly an important station on the See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian See also:

• PILGRIM

pilgrim route, and in See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient days was a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement, and the See also:

• PORT

port of the Nabataean towns of el Hajr 150 M. to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east . Inland the See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone See also:

• DESERT

desert of El Hisma reaches from the Syrian border at Ma'an to See also:

• JEBEL (plur. jibed)

Jebel Awerid, where the volcanic tracts known as harra begin, and extend southwards along the western See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of the See also:

• NEJD

Nejd See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau as far as the See also:

• LATITUDE (Lat. latitudo, latus, broad)

latitude of See also:

• MECCA (Arab. Makkah)

Mecca . East of Jebel Awerid lies the See also:

• OASIS (Gr. &toss, the name given by Herodotus to the fertile spots in the Libyan desert: it probably represents an Egyptian word, cf. Coptic ouahe, ouih, to dwell, from which the Egyptian Arabic sod is derived)

oasis of Tema, identified with the Biblical Teman, which belongs to the Shammar tribe; its fertility depends on the famous well, known as Bir el Hudaj . Farther See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south and on the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main pilgrim route is El `See also:

• ALA

Ala, the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal settlement of El Hajr, the Egra of See also:

• PTOLEMY (CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS)

Ptolemy, to whom it was known as an oasis See also:

• TOWN

town on the See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold and See also:

• FRANKINCENSE

frankincense road . Higher up the same valley are the See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock-cut tombs of See also:

• MEDINA
• MEDINA, JOSE TORIBIO (1852- )

Medina Salih, similar to those at See also:

• PETRA (r)

Petra and shown by the Nabataean coins and See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions discovered there by Doughty and See also:

• HUBER, FRANCOIS (1750-1831)
• HUBER, JOHANN NEPOMUK (1830-1879)
• HUBER, LUDWIG FERDINAND (1764–1804)

Huber to date from the beginning of the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian era . To the south-east again is the oasis of Khaibar, with some 2500 inhabitants, chiefly negroes, the remnants of an earlier slave See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population . The citadel, known as the Kasr el Yahudi, preserves the tradition of its former Jewish ownership . With these exceptions there are no settled villages between Ma'an and Medina, the stations on the pilgrim road being merely small fortified posts with reservoirs, at intervals of 30 or 40 m., which are kept up by the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government for the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of the yearly See also:

• CARAVAN (more correctly Karwan)

caravan .

The See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province is more favoured by nature . Medina is a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of 25,000 to 30,000 inhabitants, situated in a broad See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain between the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast range and the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low hills across which lies the road to Nejd . Its See also:

• ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea is about 2500 ft . It is well supplied with See also:

• WATER

water and is surrounded by gardens and plantations; See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley and See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat are grown, but the See also:

• STAPLE

staple produce, as in all the cultivated districts of See also:

• HEJAZ (H1JAz)

Hejaz, is See also:

• DATES

dates, of which too different sorts are said to grow . Yambu' has a certain importance as the port for Medina . The route'follows for part of the way along the See also:

• WADI

Wadi es Safra, which contains several small settlements with abundant date groves; from Badr Hunen, the last of these, the route usually taken from Medina to Mecca runs near the coast, passing villages with some cultivation at each See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage . The eastern route though more See also:

• DIRECT

direct is less used; it passes through a barren See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country described by See also:

• BURTON, JOHN HILL (1809–1881)
• BURTON, ROBERT (1577-1640)
• BURTON, SIR FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816–f goo)
• BURTON, SIR RICHARD FRANCIS (1821-1890)
• BURTON, WILLIAM EVANS (1804-1860)

Burton as a succession of low plains and basins surrounded by See also:

• ROLLING

rolling hills and intersected by torrent beds; the predominant formation is See also:

• BASALT

basalt . Suwerikiya and Es Safina are the only villages of importance on this route . ' Mecca and the See also:

• HOLY

holy places in its vicinity are described in a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article; it is about 48 m. from the port of See also:

• JIDDA (also written JEDDAH, DJIDDAH, DJEDDEH)

Jidda, the most important See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade centre of the Hejaz province . The See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of pilgrims for Mecca arrive by sea at Jidda . Their transport and the See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of their wants is therefore the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief business of the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place; in 1904 the number was 66,500, and the imports amounted in value to £1,400,000 . From the hot See also:

• LOWLAND

lowland in which Mecca is situated the country rises steeply up to the Taif plateau, some 6000 ft. above sea-level, a See also:

• DISTRICT

district resembling in See also:

• CLIMATE

climate and See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character the See also:

• HIGHLANDS, THE

highlands of See also:

• ASIR

Asir and See also:

• YEMEN (Yaman)

Yemen .

Jebel el Kura at the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern edge of the plateau is a fertile well-watered district, producing wheat and barley and See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit . Taif, a See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day's See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey farther south, lies in a sandy plain, surrounded by low mountains . The houses, though small, are well built of See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone; the gardens for which it is celebrated See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie at a distance of a mile or more to the S.W. at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the mountains . Hejaz, together with the other provinces of See also:

• ARABIA

Arabia which on` the overthrow of the See also:

• BAGDAD, or BAGHDAD

Bagdad See also:

• CALIPHATE

Caliphate in 1258 had fallen under Egyptian domination, became by the See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest of See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt in 1517 a dependency of the See also:

• OTTOMAN

Ottoman See also:

• EMPIRE

empire . Beyond assuming the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• CALIPH, CALIF

Caliph, neither Salim I. nor his successors interfered much in the government, which remained in the hands of the sharifs of Mecca until the religious upheaval which culminated at the beginning of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century in the pillage of the holy cities by the Wahhabi fanatics . Mehemet See also:

• ALI

Ali, See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy of Egypt, was entrusted by the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan with the task of establishing See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order. and after several arduous See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns the See also:

• WAHHABIS

Wahhabis were routed Heir See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, or heir at law, he who after the See also:

• DEATH

death of his ancestor has, by law, the right to the inheritance . Heir presumptive, one who is next in succession, but whose right is defeasible by the See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth of a nearer heir, e.g. a See also:

• BROTHER

brother or See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew, whose presumptive right may be destroyed by the birth of a See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child, or a daughter, whose right may be defeated by the birth of a son . See also:

• SPECIAL

Special heir, one not heir at law (i.e. special custom . Ultimate heir, he to whom lands come by See also:

• ESCHEAT (O. Fr. esthete, from escheoir, to fall to one's share; Lat. excidere, to fall out)

escheat on failure of proper heirs . In Scots law the technical use of the word " heir " is not confined to the succession to real property, but includes succession to personal property as well .