HENGEST  and HORSA, the

brother chieftains who led the first Saxon bands which settled in England . They were apparently called in by the British king Vortigern (q.v.)to defend him against the Picts . The place of their landing is said to have been Ebbsfleet in Kent . Its date is not certainly known, 450-455 being given by the English authorities, 428 by the Welsh (see KENT) . The settlers of Kent are described by Bede as Jutes (q.v.), and there are traces in Kentish custom of differences from the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms . Hengest and Horsa were at first given the island of Thanet as a home, but soon' quarrelled with their British allies, and gradually possessed themselves of what became the kingdom of Kent . In 455 the Saxon Chronicle records a battle between Hengest and Horsa and Vortigern at a place called Aegaels threp, in which Horsa was slain . Thenceforward Hengest reigned in Kent, together with his son Aesc (Oise) . Both the Saxon Chronicle and the Historia Brittonum record three subsequent battles, though the two authorities disagree as to their issue . There is no doubt, however, that the net result was the expulsion of the Britons from Kent . According to the Chronicle, which probably derived its information from a lost list of Kentish kings, Hengest died in 488, while his son Aesc continued to reign until 512 . Bede, Hist .

Eccl . (Plummer, 1896), i . 15, ii . 5; Saxon Chronicle (

Earle and Plummer, 1899), s.a . 449, 455, 457, 465, 473; Nennius, Historia Brittonum (San Marte, 1844), ~8 31, 37, 38, 43-46, 58." The Relation between the Jews and the Christian Church " (1857; 2nd ed., 1859), which originally appeared in the Kirchenzeitung, were afterwards printed in a separate form . Geschichte des Reic)zes Gottes unter dem Allen Bunde (1869—1871), Das Bach Hiob erldutert (187o—1875) and Vorlesungen caber die Leidensgeschichte (1875) were published posthumously . See J . Bachmann's Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg (1876—1899); also his article in Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopddie 1899), and the article in the Allgemeine deutsche Biographic . Also F . Lichtenberger, History of German Theology in the Nineteenth Centary (1889), pp . 212-217; Philip Schaff, Germany; its Universities, Theology and Religion (1857), pp . 300-319 .