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JOHN HENLEY (1692-1759)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 270 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN See also:HENLEY (1692-1759)  , See also:English clergyman, commonly known as `; Orator See also:Henley," was See also:born on the 3rd of See also:August 1692 at Melton-See also:Mowbray, where his See also:father was See also:vicar . After attending the See also:grammar See also:schools of Melton and See also:Oakham, he entered St See also:John's See also:College, See also:Cambridge, and while still an under-See also:graduate he addressed in See also:February 1712, under the See also:pseudonym of See also:Peter de Quir, a See also:letter, to the Spectator displaying no small wit and See also:humour . After graduating B.A., he became assistant and then headmaster of the grammar school of his native See also:town, uniting to these duties those of assistant See also:curate . His abundant See also:energy found still further expression in a poem entitled See also:Esther, See also:Queen of See also:Persia (1714), and in the compilation of a grammar of ten See also:languages entitled The See also:Complete Linguist (2 vols., See also:London, 1719-1721) . He then decided to go to London, where he obtained the See also:appointment of assistant preacher in the chapels of See also:Ormond See also:Street and Bloomsbury . In 1723 he was presented to the rectory of Chelmondiston in See also:Suffolk; but See also:residence being insisted on, he resigned both his appointments, and on the 3rd of See also:July 1726 opened what he called an See also:oratory " in See also:Newport See also:Market, which he licensed under the See also:Toleration See also:Act . In 1729 he transferred the See also:scene of his operations to See also:Lincoln's In See also:Fields . Into his services he introduced many See also:peculiar alterations: he See also:drew up a " See also:Primitive See also:Liturgy," in which he substituted for the Nicene and Athanasian See also:creeds two creeds taken from the See also:Apostolical Constitutions; for his " Primitive See also:Eucharist " he made use of unleavened See also:bread and mixed See also:wine; he distributed at the See also:price of one See also:shilling medals of See also:admission to his oratory, with the See also:device of a See also:sun rising to the See also:meridian, with the See also:motto Ad summa, and the words Inveniam viam See also:aut faciam below . But the most See also:original See also:element in the services was Henley himself, who is described by See also:Pope in the Dunciad as " Preacher at once and See also:zany of his See also:age." He possessed some oratorical ability and adopted a very theatrical See also:style of elocution, " tuning his See also:voice and balancing his hands "; and his addresses were a See also:strange medley of solemnity and buffoonery, of See also:clever wit and the wildest absurdity, of able and original disquisition and the worst artifices of the oratorical See also:charlatan . His services were much frequented by the " See also:free-thinkers," and he himself expressed his determination " to See also:die a rational." Besides his See also:Sunday sermons, he delivered Wednesday lectures on social and See also:political subjects; and he also projected a See also:scheme for connecting with the " oratory " a university on quite a utopian See also:plan . For some See also:time he edited the Hyp See also:Doctor, a weekly See also:paper established in opposition to the Crafts-See also:man, and for this service he enjoyed a See also:pension of £See also:loo a See also:year from See also:Sir See also:Robert See also:Walpole . At first the orations of Henley drew See also:great crowds, but, although he never discontinued his services, .his See also:audience latterly dwindled almost entirely away .

He died on the 13th of See also:

October 1759 . Henley is the subject of several of See also:Hogarth's prints . His See also:life, professedly written by A . Welstede, but in all See also:probability by himself, was inserted by him in his Oratory Transactions . See J . B . See also:Nichols, See also:History of See also:Leicestershire; I . Disraeli, Calamities of Authors.visited his contributor in See also:hospital and took Robert See also:Louis Steven-son, another recruit of the Cornhill, with him . The See also:meeting between See also:Stevenson and Henley, and the friendship of which it was the beginning, See also:form one of the best-known episodes in See also:recent literature (see especially Stevenson's letter to Mrs Sitwell, See also:Jan . 1875, and Henley's poems " An Apparition " and " See also:Envoy to See also:Charles See also:Baxter ") . In 1877 Henley went to London and began his editorial career by editing London, a See also:journal of a type more usual in See also:Paris than London, written for the See also:sake of its contributors rather than of the public . Among other distinctions it first gave to the See also:world The New Arabian Nights of Stevenson .

Henley himself contributed to his journal a See also:

series of verses chiefly in old See also:French forms . He had been See also:writing See also:poetry since 1872, but (so he told the world in his " See also:advertisement " to his collected Poems, 1898) he " found himself about 1877 so utterly unmarketable that he had to own himself beaten in See also:art and to addict himself to journalism for the next ten years." After the decease of London, he edited the See also:Magazine of Art from 1882 to •1886 . At the end of that See also:period he came before the public as a poet . In 1887 Mr Gleeson See also:White made for the popular series of See also:Canterbury Poets (edited by Mr See also:William See also:Sharp) a selection of poems in old French forms . In his selection Mr Gleeson White included a considerable number of pieces from London, and only after he had completed the selection did he discover that the verses were all by one See also:hand, that of Henley . In the following year, Mr H . B . See also:Donkin in his See also:volume Voluntaries, done for an See also:East End hospital, included Henley's unrhymed rhythms quintessentializing the poet's memories of the old See also:Edinburgh Infirmary . Mr See also:Alfred Nutt read these, and asked for more; and in 1888 his See also:firm published A See also:Book of See also:Verse . Henley was by this time well known in a restricted See also:literary circle, and See also:tin publication of this volume determined for them his fame as a poet, which rapidly outgrew these limits, two new See also:editions of this volume being called for within three years . In this same year (1888) Mr See also:Fitzroy See also:Bell started the Scots Observer in Edinburgh, with Henley as literary editor, and See also:early in 1889 Mr Bell See also:left the conduct of the paper to him . It was a weekly See also:review somewhat on the lines of the old Saturday Review, but inspired in every See also:paragraph by the vigorous and combative See also:personality of the editor .

It was transferred soon after to London as the See also:

National Observer, and remained under Henley's editorship until 1893 . Though, as Henley confessed, the paper had almost as many writers as readers, and its fame was mainly confined to the literary class, it was a lively and not uninfluential feature of the literary life of its time . Henley had the editor's great See also:gift of discerning promise, and the " Men of the Scots Observer," as Henley affectionately and characteristically called his See also:band of contributors, in most instances justified his insight . The paper found utterance for the growing imperialism of its See also:day, and among other services to literature gave to the world Mr See also:Kipling's Barrack-See also:Room See also:Ballads . In 1890 Henley published Views and Reviews, a volume of notable criticisms, described by himself as "less a book than a mosiac of scraps and shreds recovered from the shot rubbish of some fourteen years of journalism." The criticisms, covering a wide range of authors (except See also:Heine and See also:Tolstoy, all English and French), though wilful and often one-sided were terse, trenchant and picturesque, and remarkable for insight and gusto . In 1892 he published a second volume of poetry, named after the first poem, The See also:Song of the See also:Sword, but on the issue of the second edition (1893) re-christened London Voluntaries after another See also:section . Stevenson wrote that he had not received the same thrill of poetry since Mr See also:Meredith's- " Joy of See also:Earth " and " Love in the Valley," and he did not know that that was so intimate and so deep . " I did not guess you were so great a magician . These are new tunes; this is an undertone of the true See also:Apollo . These are not verse; they are poetry." In 1892 Henley published also three plays written with Stevenson—Beau See also:Austin, See also:Deacon See also:Brodie and See also:Admiral See also:Guinea . In 1895 followed See also:Macaire, afterwards published in a volume with the other plays . Deacon Brodie was produced in Edinburgh in 1884 and later in London .

End of Article: JOHN HENLEY (1692-1759)
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