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HENRY (c. 1108-1139)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 294 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HENRY (c. 1108-1139)  , surnamed the " Proud," duke of Saxony and Bavaria, second son of Henry the Black, duke of Bavaria, and Wulfhild, daughter of Magnus Billung, duke of Saxony, was a member of the Well
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family . His
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father and
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mother both died in 1126, and as his elder
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brother Conrad had entered the church, Henry became duke of Bavaria and shared the family possessions in Saxony, Bavaria and Swabia with his younger brother,
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Welf . At Whitsuntide 1 127 he was married to Gertrude, the only child of the German king, Lothair the Saxon, and at once took
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part in the warfare between the king and the
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Hohenstaufen brothers, Frederick II., duke of Swabia, and Conrad, afterwards the German king Conrad III . While engaged in this struggle Henry was also occupied in suppressing a rising in Bavaria, led by Frederick, count of Bogen, during which both duke and count sought to establish their own candidates in the bishopric of Regensburg . After a war of devastation, Frederick submitted in 1133, and two years later the Hohenstaufen brothers made their peace with Lothair . In 5136 Henry accompanied his father-in-law to Italy, and taking command of one division of the German army marched into
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southern Italy, devastating the
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land as he went . It was probably about this time that he was invested with the margraviate of Tuscany and the lands of Matilda, the
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late margravine . Having distinguished himself by his military genius during this
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campaign Henry
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left Italy with the German troops, and was appointed by the emperor as his successor in the dukedom of Saxony . When Lothair died in December 1137 Henry's
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wealth and position made him a formidable
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candidate for the German
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throne; but the same qualities which earned for him the surname of " Proud," aroused the jealousy of the princes, and so prevented his election . The new king, Conrad III., demanded the imperial insignia which were in Henry's possession, and the duke in return asked for his investiture with the Saxon duchy . But Conrad, who feared his power, refused to assent to this on the pretext that it was unlawful for two duchies to be in one hand . Attempts at a settlement failed, and in
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July 1138 the duke was placed under the
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ban, and Saxony was given to Albert the Bear, after-wards margrave of
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Brandenburg .

War

broke out in Saxony and Bavaria, but was cut short by Henry's sudden
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death at Quedlinburg on the loth of
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October 1139 . He was buried at
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Konigslutter . Henry was a man of
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great ability, and his early death alone prevented him from playing an important part in German
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history . Conrad the Priest, the author of the Rolandslied, was in Henry's service, and probably wrote this poem at the request of the duchess, Gertrude . See S . Riezler, Geschichte Bayerns,
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Band i . (
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Gotha, 1878) ; W . Bernhardi, Lothar von Supplinburg (
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Leipzig, 1879); W. von Giesebrecht, Geschichte der deutschen Kai.2rzeit, Band iv . (Brunswick, 1877) .

End of Article: HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
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