HERAULT  , a See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, formed from See also:

• LOWER

Lower See also:

• LANGUEDOC

Languedoc . Pop . (1906) 482,779 . See also:

• AREA

Area, 2403 sq. m . It is bounded N.E. by See also:

• GARD

Gard, N.W. by See also:

• AVEYRON

Aveyron and See also:

• TARN
• TARN (O. Eng. tame, Scand. tjarn, tjdrn, horn, &c.)

Tarn, and S. by See also:

• AUDE

Aude and the Golfe du See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion . The See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern prolongation of the See also:

• CEVENNES (Lat. Cebenna or Gebenna)

Cevennes mountains occupies the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-western See also:

• ZONE (Gr. 'WV77, a girdle, from 'wvvLvay to gird)

zone of the department, the highest point being about 4250 ft. above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level . South-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of this range comes a region of hills and plateaus decreasing in height as they approach the sea, from which they are separated by the See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich plains at the mouth of the See also:

• ORB

Orb and the Herault and, farther to the north-east, by the See also:

• LINE

line of intercommunicating See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt lagoons (Etang de Thau, &c.) which fringes the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast . The region to the north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of See also:

• MONTPELLIER

Montpellier comprises an extensive See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract of See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country known as the Garrigues, a See also:

• DISTRICT

district of dry See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone plateaus and hills, which stretches into the neighbouring department of Gard . The mountains of the north-west See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the See also:

• WATERSHED

watershed between the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic and Mediterranean basins . From them flow the Herault, its tributary the Lergue, and more to the south-west the Livron and the Orb, which are the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers of the department . Dry summers, varied by occasional violent storms, are characteristic of Herault . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is naturally colder and more See also:

• RAINY, ROBERT (1826-1906)

rainy in the mountains .

A third of the See also:

• SURFACE

surface of Herault is planted with vines, which are the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief source of agricultural See also:

• WEALTH

wealth, the department ranking first in France with respect to the area of its vineyards; the red wines of St Georges, Cazouls-See also:

• LES

les-See also:

• BEZIERS

Beziers, Picpoul and Maranssan, and the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white wines of Frontignan and Lunel (pop. in 19(36, 6769) are held in high estimation . The area given over to arable See also:

• LAND

land and pasture is small in extent . See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

Fruit trees of various kinds, but especially mulberries, See also:

• OLIVES, MOUNT OF, or MOUNT OLIVET ("Opus 'EXc uwos or riov 'EXauav; mod. Jebel-et-Tur)

olives and chestnuts flourish . The rearing of See also:

• SILK

silk-See also:

• WORMS

worms is largely carried on . Considerable See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers of See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep are raised, their See also:

• MILK (0. Eng. meoluc; from a common Indo-European root, cf. Lat. mulgere, Gr. ?t dXyetv)

milk being utilized for the preparation of Roquefort cheeses . The See also:

• MINERAL

mineral wealth of the department is considerable . There are mines of See also:

• LIGNITE (Lat. lignum, wood)

lignite, See also:

• COAL

coal in the vicinity of Graissessac, See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, See also:

• CALAMINE

calamine and See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper, and quarries of See also:

• BUILDING

building-See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone, limestone, See also:

• GYPSUM

gypsum, &c.; the marshes See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply salt . Mineral springs are numerous, the most important being those of Lamalon-les-Bains and Balarucles-Bains . The chief manufactures are woollen and See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton See also:

• CLOTH

cloth, especially for military use, silk (See also:

• GANGES (GANGA)

Ganges), casks, See also:

• SOAP

soap and fertilizing stuffs . There are also oil-See also:

• WORKS

works, distilleries (Beziers) and tanneries (Bedarieux) . Fishing is an important See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry . See also:

• CETTE

Cette and Meze (pop. in 1906, 5574) are the chief ports .

Herault exports salt See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish, See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, See also:

• LIQUEURS

liqueurs, See also:

• TIMBER

timber, salt, building-material, &c . It imports See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle, skins, See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool, cereals, vegetables, coal and other commodities . The railway lines belong chiefly to the Southern and See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris-See also:

• LYON, MARY MASON (1797-1849)
• LYON, NATHANIEL (1818-1861)

Lyon-Mediterranee companies . The See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal du Midi traverses the south of the department for 44 M. and terminates at Cette . The Canal See also:

• DES

des Etangs traverses the department for about 20 m., forming See also:

• PART

part of a line of communication between Cette and Aigues-Mortes . Montpellier, the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital, is the seat of a bishopric of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• AVIGNON

Avignon, and of a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• APPEAL

appeal and centre of an academie (educational See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division) . The department belongs to the 16th military region, which has its headquarters at Montpellier . It is divided into the arrondissements of Montpellier, Beziers, See also:

• LODEVE

Lodeve and St Pons, with 36 cantons and 340 communes . Montpellier, Beziers, Lodeve, Bedarieux, Cette, See also:

• AGDE

Agde, See also:

• PEZENAS

Pezenas, Lamalou-les-Bains and Clermont-1'Herault are the more See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note-worthy towns and receive See also:

• SEPARATE

separate treatment . Among the other interesting places in the department are St Pons, with a See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of the 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, once a See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral, Villemagne, which has several old houses and two ruined churches, one of the 13th, the other of the 14th century; Pignan, a See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• TOWN

town, near which is the interesting See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey-church of Vignogoul in the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style; and St Guilhem-le-See also:

• DESERT

Desert, which has a church of the 11th and 12th centuries . Maguelonne, which in the 6th century became the seat of a bishopric transferred to Montpellier in 1536, has a cathedral of the 12th century .