HEREFORDSHIRE  , an inland See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south Welsh border, bounded N. by See also:

• SHROPSHIRE (SALOP)

Shropshire, E. by See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester-See also:

• SHIRE

shire, S. by See also:

• MONMOUTHSHIRE

Monmouthshire and See also:

• GLOUCESTERSHIRE

Gloucestershire, and W. by See also:

• RADNORSHIRE (Sir Faesyfed)

Radnorshire and Brecknockshire . The See also:

• AREA

area is 839.6 sq. m . The county is almost wholly drained by the Wye and its tributaries, but on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north and See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east includes a small portion of the See also:

• SEVERN
• SEVERN, JOSEPH (1793-1879)

Severn See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin . The Wye enters Herefordshire from See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales at See also:

• HAY
• HAY (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Heu, Dutch hooi; the root from which it is derived, meaning " to cut," is also seen in " to hew "; cf. " hoe ")
• HAY, GEORGE (1729—1811)
• HAY, GILBERT
• HAY, JOHN (1838–1905)

Hay, and with a sinuous and very beautiful course crosses the south-western See also:

• PART

part of the county, leaving it See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close above the See also:

• TOWN

town off See also:

• MONMOUTH (Welsh Mynwy)
• MONMOUTH, BATTLE OF (1778)
• MONMOUTH, JAMES SCOTT
• MONMOUTH, ROBERT CAREY, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1560-1639)

Monmouth . Of its tributaries, the Lugg enters in the north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west near See also:

• PRESTEIGN

Presteign, and has a course generally easterly to See also:

• LEOMINSTER

Leominster, where it turns south, receives the Arrow from the west, and joins the Wye 6 m. below See also:

• HEREFORD

Hereford, the See also:

• FROME

Frome flowing in from the east immediately above the junction . The Monnow rising in the mountains of Brecknockshire forms the boundary between Herefordshire and Monmouthshire over one-See also:

• HALF

half of its course (about 20 m.), but it joins the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• RIVER

river at Monmouth . Its See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal tributary in Herefordshire is the See also:

• DORE, LOUIS AUGUSTE GUSTAVE (1832-1883)

Dore, which traverses the picturesque See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden Valley . The Wye is celebrated for its See also:

• SALMON
• SALMON, GEORGE (1819-1904)

salmon fishing, which is carefully preserved, while the Lugg, Arrow and Frome abound in See also:

• TROUT (Salmo trutta)

trout and See also:

• GRAYLING (Thymallus)

grayling, as does the Teme . This last is a tributary of the Severn, and only two See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short reaches See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie within this county in the north, while it also forms parts of the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern and eastern boundary . The Leddon, also flowing to the Severn, rises in the east of the county and leaves it in the south-east, passing the town of See also:

• LEDBURY

Ledbury . High ground, of an See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation from 500 to 800 ft., separates the various valleys, while on the eastern boundary rise the See also:

• MALVERN

Malvern Hills, reaching 1194 ft. in the Herefordshire See also:

• BEACON (from the O. Eng. beacn, a sign, cf. " beckon," another form of the same word)

Beacon, and 1395 ft. in the See also:

• WORCESTERSHIRE

Worcestershire Beacon, and on the boundary with Brecknockshire the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black Mountains exceed 2000 ft . The scenery of the Wye, with its wooded and often precipitous See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks, is famous, the most noteworthy point in this county being about Symond's Yat, on the Gloucestershire border below See also:

• ROSS
• ROSS, ALEXANDER (1699-1784)
• ROSS, GEORGE WILLIAM (1841- )
• ROSS, JOHN, or KOOESKOOWE (179o-1866)
• ROSS, ROBERT (1766-1814)
• ROSS, SIR HEW DALRYMPLE (1779-1868)
• ROSS, SIR JAMES CLARK (1800-1862)
• ROSS, SIR JOHN (1777-1856)

Ross .

See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

Geology.—The Archean or Pre-See also:

• CAMBRIAN

Cambrian rocks, the most See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient in the county, emerge from beneath the newer deposits in three small isolated areas . On the western border, Stanner See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

Rock, a picturesque craggy See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill near Kington, consists of igneous materials (granitoid rock, felstone, See also:

• DOLERITE (from Gr. SoXepos, deceptive)

dolerite and See also:

• GABBRO

gabbro), apparently of intrusive origin and possibly of Uriconian See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age . In See also:

• BRAMPTON
• BRAMPTON, HENRY HAWKINS, BARON (1817-1907)

Brampton See also:

• BRYAN, WILLIAM JENNINGS (186o– )

Bryan See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park, a few See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles to the north-east, some ancient conglomerates emerge and may be of Longmyndian age . On the east of the county the Herefordshire Beacon in the Malvern See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain consists of gneisses and See also:

• SCHISTS (Gr. vxq'ecv, to split)

schists and Uriconian volcanic rocks; these have been thrust over various members of the Cambrian and See also:

• SILURIAN

Silurian systems, and owing to their hard and durable nature they See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the highest ground in the county . The Cambrian rocks (Tremadoc Beds) come next in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of age and consist of quartzites, sandstones and shales, well exposed at the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern end of the Malvern chain and also at Pedwardine near Brampton Bryan . The Silurian rocks are well See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed in the north-west part of the county, between Presteign and See also:

• LUDLOW
• LUDLOW, EDMUND (c. 1617-1692)

Ludlow; also along the western flanks of the Malvern Hills and in the eroded See also:

• DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

dome of Woolhope . Smaller patches come to See also:

• LIGHT

light at Westhide east of Hereford and at May Hill near Newent . They consist of highly fossiliferous sandstones, mudstones, shales and limestones, known as the See also:

• LLANDOVERY (Llan-ym-ddyffri)

Llandovery, See also:

• WENLOCK

Wenlock and Ludlow See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

Series; the Woolhope, Wenlock and Aymestry Limestones are famed for their See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich fossil contents . The See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder and by far the greater part of the county is occupied by the Old Red See also:

• SANDSTONE

Sandstone, through which the rocks above described project in detached areas . The Old Red Sandstone consists of a See also:

• GREAT

great thickness of red sandstones and marls, with impersistent bands of impure concretionary See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone known as cornstones, which by their See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior hardness give rise to scarps and rounded ridges; they have yielded remains of fishes and crustaceans . Some of the upper beds are conglomeratic . On its south-eastern margin the county just reaches the Carboniferous Limestone cliffs of the Wye Valley near Ross .

Glacial deposits, chiefly See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand and See also:

• GRAVEL, or PEBBLE BEDS

gravel, are found in the See also:

• LOWER

lower ground along the river-courses, while caves in the Carboniferous Limestone have yielded remains of the See also:

• HYENA

hyena, See also:

• CAVE (Lat. cavea, from caves, hollow)
• CAVE, EDWARD (1691–1754)
• CAVE, WILLIAM (1637–1713)

cave-See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

lion, See also:

• RHINOCEROS

rhinoceros, See also:

• MAMMOTH
• MAMMOTH (0. Russ. mammot, mod. mamant; the Tatar word mama, earth, from which it is supposed to be derived, is not known to exist)

mammoth and See also:

• REINDEER

reindeer . See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture and See also:

• INDUSTRIES

Industries.—The See also:

• SOIL

soil is generally See also:

• MARL (from O. Fr. marle, Late Lat. margila, dim. of marga; cf. Du. and Ger. Mergel)

marl and See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay, but in various parts contains calcareous See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth in mixed proportions . Westward the soil is tenacious and retentive of See also:

• WATER

water; on the east it is a stiff and often reddish clay . In the south is found a light sandy See also:

• LOAM (O.E. lam; the word appears in Dut. leem and Ger. Lehm; the ultimate origin is the root lai-, meaning " to be sticky," which is seen in the cognate " lime," Lat. limus, mud, clay)

loam . More than four-fifths of the See also:

• TOTAL

total area of the county is under cultivation and about two-thirds of this is in permanent pasture . Ash and See also:

• OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

oak coppices and See also:

• LARCH (from the Ger. Larche, M.H.G. Lerche, Lat. larix)

larch plantations clothe its hillsides and crests . The rich red soil of the Old Red Sandstone formation is famous for its See also:

• PEAR (Pyrus communis)

pear and See also:

• APPLE (a common Teut. word, A.S. aepl, aeppel, O.H.G. aphul, aphal, apfal, mod. Ger. Apfel)

apple orchards, the county, notwithstanding its much smaller area, ranking in this respect next to See also:

• DEVONSHIRE (DEvoN)
• DEVONSHIRE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Devonshire . The apple See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop, generally large, is enormous one See also:

• YEAR

year out of four . Twenty hogsheads of See also:

• CIDER (q.v.)
• CIDER, or CYDER (from the Fr. cidre, derived from the Lat. sicera or cisera, Gr. mucepa, Heb. shade, strong drink)

cider have been made from an See also:

• ACRE
• ACRE, or AQUIRY

acre of See also:

• ORCHARD (O. Eng. ort-geard, later orceard; a combination apparently of Lat. hortus, garden, and " yard " or " Barth ")

orchard, twelve being the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary yield . Cider is the See also:

• STAPLE

staple beverage of the county, and the See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in cider and See also:

• PERRY
• PERRY (from Fr. Moire, from poire, a pear)
• PERRY, MATTHEW CALBRAITH (1794–1858)
• PERRY, OLIVER HAZARD (1785-1819)

perry is large . Hops are another staple of the county, the vines of which are planted in rows on ploughed See also:

• LAND

land . As See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as See also:

• CAMDEN
• CAMDEN, CHARLES PRATT, 1ST EARL (1714-1794)
• CAMDEN, JOHN JEFFREYS PRATT, 2ND EARL
• CAMDEN, WILLIAM (1551-1623)

Camden's See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day a Herefordshire adage coupled Weobley See also:

• ALE

ale with Leominster See also:

• BREAD

bread, indicating the county's capacity to produce See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat and See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley, as well as hops .

Herefordshire is also famous as a breeding county for its See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle of See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright red See also:

• HUE

hue, with mottled or See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white faces and sleek silky coats . The Herefords are stalwart and healthy, and, though not See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good milkers, put on more See also:

• MEAT

meat and See also:

• FAT (O.E. fdett; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vet, Ger. Fett, &c., and may be ultimately related to Greek Irian, and =apos, and Sanskrit pivan)

fat at an early age, in proportion to See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food consumed, than almost any other variety . They produce the finest See also:

• BEEF (through O. Fr. boef, mod. boeuf, from Lat. bos, bovis, ox, Gr. f3oiir, which show the ultimate connexion with the Sanskrit go, gaits, ox, and thus with " cow")

beef, and are more cheaply fed than Devons or Durhams, with which they are advantageously crossed . As a See also:

• DAIRY

dairy county Herefordshire does not See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank high . Its small, white-faced, hornless, symmetrical breed of See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep known as " the Ryelands," from the See also:

• DISTRICT

district near Ross, where it was bred in most perfection, made the county See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long famous both for the flavour of its meat and the See also:

• MERINO

merino-like texture of its See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool . See also:

• FULLER, ANDREW (1954-1815)
• FULLER, GEORGE (1822—1884)
• FULLER, M
• FULLER, MARGARET, MARCHIONESS
• FULLER, MELVILLE WESTON (1833-1910)
• FULLER, THOMAS (16o8-1661)
• FULLER, WILLIAM (1670--c. 1717)

Fuller says of this that it was best known as " Lempster ore," and the finest in all England . In its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original form the breed is See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct, See also:

• CROSSING

crossing with the See also:

• LEICESTER
• LEICESTER, EARLS OF
• LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
• LEICESTER, ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF (1563-1626)
• LEICESTER, THOMAS WILLIAM COKE, EARL OF (1754-1842)

Leicester having improved See also:

• SIZE

size and stamina at the cost of the fleece, and the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief breeds of sheep on Herefordshire farms at See also:

• PRESENT

present are Shropshire See also:

• DOWNS

Downs, Cotswolds and Radnors, with their crosses . Agricultural horses of good quality are bred in the north, and See also:

• SADDLE (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Sattel, Dut. zadel, also in Russ. siedlo and Lat. sella, for sedla; it is not derived directly from Lat. sedile, which means a chair, but all the words are to be referred to the root sad-, which gives

saddle and See also:

• COACH (through the Fr. coche, originally from the Magyar kocsi, an adjective from the Hungarian place named Kocs, between Raab and Buda, i.e. the sort of vehicle used there in the 15th century)

coach horses may be met with at the fairs . Breeders' names from the county are famous at the See also:

• NATIONAL

national cattle shows, and the number, size and quality of the stock are seen in their See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of the See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

metropolitan and other markets . See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

Prize Herefords are constantly exported to the colonies . Manufacturing enterprise is small . There are some See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron foundries and factories for agricultural implements, and some See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper is made .

There are considerable limestone quarries, as near Ledbury . Communications.—Hereford is an important railway centre . The Worcester and See also:

• CARDIFF

Cardiff See also:

• LINE

line of the Great Western railway, entering on the east, runs to Hereford by Ledbury and then southward . The See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint line of the Great Western and North-Western companies runs north from Hereford by Leominster, proceeding to See also:

• SHREWSBURY
• SHREWSBURY, CHARLES TALBOT, DUKE OF (166o-1718)
• SHREWSBURY, DUKE
• SHREWSBURY, EARLS OF
• SHREWSBURY, ELIZABETH TALBOT, COUNTESS OF (1518–16o8)
• SHREWSBURY, JOHN TALBOT, 1ST EARL OF (d. 1453)

Shrewsbury and See also:

• CREWE
• CREWE, ROBERT OFFLEY ASHBURTON

Crewe . At Leominster a Great Western See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch crosses, connecting Worcester, Bromyard and New See also:

• RADNOR, EARLS OF

Radnor . From Hereford a Great Western branch follows the Wye south to Ross, and thence to the See also:

• FOREST

Forest of See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

Dean and to See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester; a branch connects Ledbury with Gloucester, and the Golden Valley is traversed by a branch from Pontrilas on the Worcester-Cardiff line . From Hereford the Midland and See also:

• NEATH (Welsh, Casten-Nedd)

Neath and See also:

• BRECON, or BRECKNOCK

Brecon line follows the Wye valley westward . None of the See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers is commercially navigable and the canals are out of use . See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

Population and See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

Administration.—The area of the ancient county is 537,363 acres, with a population in 1891 of 115,949 and in 1901 of 114,380 . The area of the administrative county is 538,921 acres . The county contains 12 hundreds . It is divided into two See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary divisions, Leominster (N.) and Ross (S.), and it also includes the parliamentary See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough of Hereford, each returning one member .

There are two municipal boroughs—Hereford (pop . 21,382) and Leominster (5826) . The other See also:

• URBAN
• URBAN (Urbanus)

urban districts are Bromyard (1663), Kington (1944), Ledbury (3259) and Ross (3303) . The county is in the See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford See also:

• CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit, and assizes are held at Hereford . It has one See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter sessions and is divided into 11 See also:

• PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

petty sessional divisions . The boroughs of Hereford and Leominster have See also:

• SEPARATE

separate commissions of the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace, and the borough of Hereford has in addition a separate court of quarter sessions . There are a6o See also:

• CIVIL

civil parishes . The ancient county, which is almost entirely in the See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese of Hereford, with small parts in those of Gloucester, Worcester and See also:

• LLANDAFF

Llandaff, contains 222 ecclesiastical parishes or districts, wholly or in part . See also:

• HISTORY

History.—At some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in the 7th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the West See also:

• SAXONS

Saxons pushed their way across the Severn and established themselves in the territory between Wales and See also:

• MERCIA

Mercia, with which See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom they soon became incorporated . The district which is now Herefordshire was occupied by a tribe the Hecanas, who congregated chiefly in the fertile area about Hereford and in the See also:

• MINING

mining districts See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round Ross . In the 8th century See also:

• OFFA
• OFFA (d. 796)

Offa extended the Mercian frontier to the Wye, securing it by the earthwdnk known as Offa's See also:

• DIKE, or DYKE (Old Eng. dic, a word which appears in various forms in many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch dijk, German Teich, Danish dige, and in French, derived from Teutonic, digue; it is the same word as " ditch " and is ultimately connected with the ro

dike, portions of which are visible at Knighton and Moorhampton in this county . In 915 the Danes made their way up the Severn to the district of Archenfield, where they took prisoner Cyfeiliawg See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Llandaff, and in 921 they besieged Wigmore, which had been rebuilt in that year by See also:

• EDWARD

Edward .

From the time of its first See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement the district was the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant border warfare with the Welsh, and Harold, whose earldom included this county, ordered that any Welshman caught trespassing over the border should lose his right See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand . In the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period preceding the See also:

• CONQUEST

Conquest much disturbance was caused by the outrages of the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony planted in this county by Edward the See also:

• CONFESSOR

Confessor . See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard's See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle in the north of the county was the first Norman fortress erected on See also:

• ENGLISH

English soil, and Wigmore, Ewyas Harold, See also:

• CLIFFORD
• CLIFFORD, JOHN (1836- )
• CLIFFORD, WILLIAM KINGDON (1845-1879)

Clifford, Weobley, Hereford, Donnington and Caldecot were all the sites of Norman strong-holds . The conqueror entrusted the subjugation of Hereford-shire to See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William FitzOsbern, but See also:

• EDRIC, or EADRIC, STREONA (d. 1017)

Edric the See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

Wild in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with the Welsh prolonged resistance against him for two years . In the See also:

• WARS

wars of See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen's reign Hereford and Weobley castles were held against the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, but were captured in 1138 . Edward, afterwards Edward I., was imprisoned in Hereford Castle, and made his famous See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape thence in 1265 . In 1326 the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament assembled at Hereford which deposed Edward II . In the 14th and 15th centuries the forest of Deerfold gave See also:

• REFUGE

refuge to some of the most noted followers of Wycliffe . During the Wars of the See also:

• ROSES, WARS OF THE

Roses the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the Mortimers led the county to support the Yorkist cause, and Edward, afterwards Edward IV., raised 23,000 men in this neighbourhood . The See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• MORTIMER (Family)

Mortimer's See also:

• CROSS

Cross was fought in 1461 near Wigmore . Before the outbreak of the civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of the 17th century, complaints of illegal See also:

• TAXATION
• TAXATION (from " tax," derived, through the French, from Lat. taxare, to appraise, which again is connected with the same root as tangere, to touch)

taxation were rife in Herefordshire, but a strong See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-puritan feeling induced the county to favour the royalist cause . Hereford, See also:

• GOODRICH, or GOODRICKE, THOMAS (d. 1554)
• GOODRICH, SAMUEL GRISWOLD (1793-1860)

Goodrich and Ledbury all endured sieges .

The earldom of Hereford was granted by William I. to William FitzOsbern, about ro67, but on the See also:

• OUTLAWRY

outlawry of his son See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger in 1074 the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title lapsed until conferred on See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry de See also:

• BOHUN

Bohun about 1199 . It remained in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the Bohuns until the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• HUMPHREY (or HUMFREY), LAWRENCE (1527?-1590)

Humphrey de Bohun in 1373; in 1397 Henry, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• DERBY
• DERBY, EARLS OF

Derby, afterwards King Henry IV., who had married See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary Bohun, was created See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of Hereford . Edward VI. created See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter Devereux, a descendant of the Bohun See also:

• FAMILY

family, See also:

• VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

Viscount Hereford, in 1550, and his See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson, the famous earl of See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in this county . Since this date the viscounty has been held by the Devereux family, and the holder ranks as the premier viscount of England . The families of Clifford, See also:

• GIFFARD, GODFREY (c. 1235—1302)
• GIFFARD, WALTER (d. 1279)
• GIFFARD, WILLIAM (d. 1129)

Giffard and Mortimer figured prominently in the warfare on the Welsh border, and the Talbots, Lacys, Crofts and Scudamores also had important seats in the county, See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James Scudamore of Holme See also:

• LACY, FRANZ MORITZ, COUNT (1725-1801)
• LACY, HARRIETTE DEBORAH (1807-1874)
• LACY, MICHAEL ROPHINO (1795–1867)

Lacy being the original of the Sir Scudamore of See also:

• SPENSER, EDMUND (c. 1552-1599)
• SPENSER, JOHN (1559-1614)

Spenser's Faery See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen . Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• OLDCASTLE, SIR JOHN (d. 1417)

Oldcastle, the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the See also:

• LOLLARDS

Lollards, was See also:

• SHERIFF

sheriff of Herefordshire in 1406 . Herefordshire probably originated as a shire in the time of rEthelstan, and is mentioned in the Saxon Chroncile in ro51 . In the Domesday Survey parts of Monmouthshire and Radnor-shire are assessed under Herefordshire, and the western and southern See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders remained debatable ground until with the See also:

• INCORPORATION (from Lat. incorporare, to form into a body)

incorporation of the Welsh See also:

• MARCHES, THE (It. Le Marche)

marches in 1535 considerable territory was restored to Herefordshire and formed into the hundreds of Wigmore, Ewyas Lacy and See also:

• HUNTINGDON
• HUNTINGDON, EARLS OF
• HUNTINGDON, SELINA HASTINGS, COUNTESS OF (1707—1791)

Huntingdon, while Ewyas Harold was See also:

• UNITED

united to Webtree . At the time of the Domesday Survey the divisions of the county were very unsettled . As many as nineteen hundreds are mentioned, but these were of varying extent, some containing only one See also:

• MANOR

manor, some from twenty to See also:

• THIRTY

thirty . Of the twelve See also:

• MODERN

modern hundreds, only Greytree, Radlow, Stretford, Wolphy and Wormelow retain Domesday names . Herefordshire has been included in the diocese of Hereford since its See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation in 676 .

In 1291 it comprised the deaneries of Hereford, See also:

• WESTON, THOMAS (1737-1776)

Weston, Leominster, Weobley, Frome, Archenfield and Ross in the archdeaconry of Hereford, and the deaneries of See also:

• BURFORD

Burford, Stottesdon, Ludlow, Pontesbury, Clun and Wenlock, in the archdeaconry of Shropshire . In 1877 the name of the archdeaconry of Shropshire was changed to Ludlow, and in 1899 the deaneries of See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey Dore, Bromyard, Kingsland, Kington and Ledbury were created in the archdeaconry of Hereford . Herefordshire was governed by a sheriff as early as the feign of Edward the Confessor, the shire-court See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting at Hereford where later the assizes and quarter sessions were also held . In 16o6 an See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act was passed declaring Hereford See also:

• FREE

free from the See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of Wales, but the county was not finally relieved from the interference of the Lords Marchers until the reign of William and Mary . Herefordshire has always been esteemed an exceptionally rich agricultural area, the manufactures being unimportant, with the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole exception of the woollen and the See also:

• CLOTH

cloth trade which flourished soon after the Conquest . Iron was worked in Wormelow See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred in See also:

• ROMAN

Roman times, and the Domesday Survey mentions iron workers in Marcie . At the time of Henry VIII. the towns had become much impoverished, and See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth in order to encourage See also:

• LOCAL

local industries, insisted on her subjects wearing English-made caps from the factory of Hereford . Hops were grown in the county soon after their introduction into England in 1524 . In 1580 and again in 1637 the county was severely visited by the See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague, but in the 17th century it had a flourishing See also:

• TIMBER

timber trade and was noted for its orchards and cider . Herefordshire was first represented in parliament in 1295, when it returned two members, the boroughs of Ledbury, Here-See also:

• FORD, EDWARD ONSLOW
• FORD, JOHN (r586–c.1640)
• FORD, RICHARD (1796-1858)
• FORD, THOMAS (b. c. 158o)

ford, Leominster and Weobley being also represented . Hereford was again represented in 1299, and Bromyard and Ross in 1304, but the boroughs made very irregular returns, and from 1306 until Weobley regained See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation in 1627, only Hereford and Leominster were represented . Under the act of 1832 the county returned three members and Weobley was disfranchised .

The act of 1868 deprived Leominster of one member, and under the act of 1885 Leominster was disfranchised, and Hereford lost one member . Antiquities.—There are remains of several of the strongholds which Herefordshire possessed as a See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march county, some of which were maintained and enlarged, after the settlement of the border, to serve in later wars . To the south of Ross are those of See also:

• WILTON

Wilton and Goodrich, commanding the Wye on the right See also:

• BANK

bank, the latter a ruin of See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar magnificence, and both gaining picturesqueness from their beautiful situations . Of the several castles in the valleys of the boundary-river Monnow and its tributaries, those in this county include Pembridge, Kilpeck and Longtown; of which the last shows extensive remains of the strong keep and thick walls . In the north the finest example is Wigmore, consisting of a keep on an artificial See also:

• MOUND

mound within See also:

• OUTER

outer walls, the seat of the powerful family of Mortimer . Beside the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of Hereford, and the fine churches of Ledbury, Leominster and Ross, described under separate headings, the county contains some churches of almost unique See also:

• INTEREST

interest . In that of Kilpeck remarkable and unusual Norman See also:

• WORK

work is seen . It consists of the three divisions of See also:

• NAVE

nave, See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir and See also:

• CHANCEL (through O. Fr. from Lat. plur. cancelli, dim. of cancer, grating, lattice, probably connected with an Indo-European root Kar-, to bend; cf. circus, curve, &c.)

chancel, divided by ornate See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches, the chancel ending in an See also:

• APSE
• APSE (Gr. alkir, a fastening, especially the felloe of a wheel; Lat. absis)

apse, with a beautiful and elaborate west end and south See also:

• DOORWAY (corresponding to the Gr. Iran, Lat. porte)

doorway . The columns of the choir See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch are composed of figures . A similar See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan is seen in Peterchurch in the Golden Valley, and in Moccas See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, on the Wye above Hereford . Among the large number of churches exhibiting Norman details that at Bromyard is noteworthy . At Abbey Dore, the Cistercian abbey church, still in use, is a large and beautiful specimen of Early English work, and there are slight remains of the monastic buildings .

At Madley, south of the Wye 5 M . W. of Hereford, is a fine Decorated church (with earlier portions), with the rare feature of a Decorated apsidal chancel over an octagonal See also:

• CRYPT (Lat. crypta, from the Gr. Kp&arrew, to hide)

crypt . Of the churches in mixed styles those in the larger towns are the most noteworthy, together with that of Weobley . The half-timbered See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of domestic See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture, See also:

• COMMON

common in the west and midlands of England in the 16th and 17th centuries, beautifies many of the towns and villages . Among See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country houses, that of Treago, 9 m . W. of Ross, is a remarkable example of a fortified See also:

• MANSION (through O. Fr. mansion, mod. maison, from Lat. mansio, dwelling-place, stage on a journey; manere, to remain)

mansion of the 13th century, in a See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition little altered . Rudhall and Sufton Court, between Ross and Hereford, are good specimens of 15th-century work, and portions of See also:

• HAMPTON
• HAMPTON, WADE (1818-1902)

Hampton Court, 8 m . N. of Hereford, are of the same period, built by Sir See also:

• ROWLAND, HENRY AUGUSTUS (1848-1901)

Rowland See also:

• LENTHALL, WILLIAM (1591-1662)

Lenthall, a favourite of Henry IV . Holme Lacy, 5 M . S.E. of Hereford, is a fine mansion of the latter part of the 17th century, with picturesque Dutch gardens, and much See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood-See also:

• CARVING

carving by Griniing See also:

• GIBBONS, GRINLING (1648-1721)
• GIBBONS, JAMES (1834– )
• GIBBONS, ORLANDO (1583-1625)