HERKIMER  , a

village and the county-seat of Herkimer county, New York, U.S.A., in the township of the same name, on the Mohawk river, about 15 M . S.E. of Utica . Pop . (1900) 5555 (724 being foreign-born); (19o5, state census) 6596; (191o) 7520 . It is served by the New York Central & Hudson River railway, a branch of which (the Mohawk & Malone railway) extends through the Adirondacks to Malone, N.Y.; by inter-urban electric railway to Little Falls, Syracuse, Richfield Springs, Cooperstown and Oneonta, and by the Erie canal . The village has a public library, and is the seat of the Folts Mission Institute (opened 1893), a training school for young women, controlled by the Women's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church . Herkimer is situated in a rich dairying region, and has various manufactures . The municipality owns and operates its water-supply system and electric-lighting plant . Herkimer, named in honour of General Nicholas Herkimer (c . 1728-1777), who was mortally wounded in the Battle of Oriskany, and in whose memory there is a monument (unveiled on the 6th of August 1907) in the village, was settled about 1725 by Palatine Germans, who bought from the Mohawk Indians a large tract of land including the present site of the village and established thereon several settlements which became known collectively as the " German Flats." In 1756 a stone house, built in 1740 by General Herkimer's father, John Jost Herkimer (d . 1775)—apparently one of the original group of settlers—a stone church, and other buildings, standing within what is now Herkimer village, were enclosed in a stockade and ditch fortifications by Sir William Johnson, and this post, at first known as Fort Kouari (the Indian name), was subsequently called Fort Herkimer . Another fort (Ft .

Dayton) was built within the limits of the present village in 1776 by Colonel Elias Dayton (1737-1807), who later became a brigadier-general (1783) and served in the Confederation Congress in 1787–1788 . During the French and Indian War the settlement was attacked (12th November 1757) and practically destroyed, many of thesettlers being killed or taken prisoners; and it was again attacked on the 3oth of April 1758 . In the War of Independence General Herkimer assembled here the force which on the 6th of August 1777 was ambushed near Oriskany on its march from Ft . Dayton to the relief of Ft . Schuyler (see ORISKANY); and the settlement was attacked by Indians and " Tories " in September 1778 and in June 1782 . The township of Herkimer was organized in 1788, and in 1807 the village was incorporated . See Nathaniel I . Benton, History of Herkimer County (Albany, 1856) ; and Phoebe S . Cowen, The Herkimers and Schuylers, 1903) . HERKOMER, SIR HUBERT VON (1849– ), British painter, was born at Waal, in Bavaria, and eight years later was brought to England by his father, a wood-carver of great ability . He lived for some time at Southampton and in the school of art there began his art training; but in 1866 he entered upon a more serious course of study at the South Kensington Schools, and in 1869 exhibited for the first time at the Royal Academy . By his picture, " The Last Muster," at the Academy in 1875, he definitely established his position as an artist of high distinction .

He was elected an

associate of the Academy in 1879, and academician in 189o; an associate of the Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours in 1893, and a full member in 1894; and in 1885 he was appointed SIade professor at Oxford . He exhibited a very large number of memorable portraits, figure subjects and landscapes, in oil and water colour; he achieved marked success as a worker in enamel, as an etcher, mezzotint engraver and illustrative draughtsman; and he exercised wide influence upon art education by means of the Herkomer School (Incorporated), at Bushey, which he founded in 1883 and directed gratuitously until 1904 ,when he retired . It was then voluntarily wound up, and is now conducted privately . Two of his pictures, "Found (1885) and "The Chapel of the Charterhouse " (1889), are in the National Gallery of British Art . In the year 1907 he received the honorary degree of D.C.L. at Oxford, and a knighthood was conferred upon him by the king in addition to the commandership of the Royal Victorian Order with which he was already decorated . See Hubert von Herkomer, R.A., a Study and a Biography, by A . L . Baldry (London, 1901); Professor Hubert Herkomer, Royal Academician, His Life and Work, by W . L . Courtney (London, 1892) .