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CAROLINE LUCRETIA HERSCHEL (1750-1848)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 391 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CAROLINE See also:LUCRETIA See also:HERSCHEL (1750-1848)  , See also:English astronomer, See also:sister of See also:Sir See also:William See also:Herschel, the eighth See also:child and See also:fourth daughter of her parents, was See also:born at See also:Hanover on the 16th of See also:March 1750 . On See also:account of the prejudices of her See also:mother,. who did not See also:desire her to know more than was necessary for being useful in the See also:family, she received in youth only the first elements of See also:education . After the See also:death of her See also:father in 1767 she obtained permission to learn millinery and dressmaking with a view to earning her See also:bread, but continued to assist her mother in the management of the See also:household until the autumn of 1772, when she joined her See also:brother William, who had established himself as a teacher of See also:music at See also:Bath . At once she became a valuable co-operator with him both in his professional duties and in the astronomical researches to which he had already begun to devote all his spare See also:time . She was the See also:principal See also:singer at his See also:oratorio concerts, and acquired such a reputation as a vocalist that she was offered an engagement for the See also:Birmingham festival, which, however, she declined . When her brother accepted the See also:office of astronomer to See also:George III., she became his See also:constant assistant in his observations, and also executed the laborious calculations which were connected with them . For these services she received from the See also:king in 1787 a See also:salary of £56 a See also:year . Her See also:chief amusement during her leisure See also:hours was sweeping the heavens with a small Newtonian See also:telescope . By this means she detected in 1783 three remarkable nebulae, and during the eleven years 1786–1797 eight comets, five of them with unquestioned priority . In 1797 she presented to the Royal Society an See also:Index to See also:Flamsteed's observations, together with a See also:catalogue of 561 stars accidentally omitted from the "See also:British Catalogue," and a See also:list of the errata in that publication . Though she returned to Hanover in 1822 she did not abandon her astronomical studies, and in 1828 she completed the reduction, to See also:January 1800, of 2500 nebulae discovered by her brother . In 1828 the Astronomical Society, tc See also:mark their sense of the benefits conferred on See also:science by such a See also:series of laborious exertions, unanimously resolved to See also:present her with their See also:gold See also:medal, and in 1835 elected her an honorary member of the society .

In 1846 she received a gold medal from the king of See also:

Prussia . She died on the 9th of January 1848 . See The Memoir and See also:Correspondence of See also:Caroline Herschel, by Mrs See also:John Herschel (1876) .

End of Article: CAROLINE LUCRETIA HERSCHEL (1750-1848)
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