See also:

• HESYCHASTS ($1v(acrai or ilaux4ovres, from ' avxos, quiet, also called &µc/mM‘livxoe, Umbilicanimi, and sometimes referred to as Euchites, Massalians or .Palamites)

HESYCHASTS ($1v(acrai or ilaux4ovres, from ' avxos, quiet, also called &µc/mM‘livxoe, Umbilicanimi, and sometimes referred to as Euchites, Massalians or .Palamites)  , a quietistic See also:

• SECT

sect which arose, during the later See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of the Byzantineempire, among the monks of the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, especially at See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount See also:

• ATHOS (Gr. "Aytov "Opos; Turk. Aineros; Ital. Monte Santo)

Athos, then at the height of its fame and See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence under the reign of Andronicus the younger and the abbacy of Symeon . Owing to various See also:

• ADVENTITIOUS (from Lat. adventicius, coming from abroad)

adventitious circumstances the sect came into See also:

• GREAT

great prominence politically and ecclesiastically for a few years about the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . Their See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion and practice will be best represented in the words of one of their See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early teachers (quoted by See also:

• GIBBON
• GIBBON, EDWARD (1737–1794)

Gibbon, Decline and Fall, c . 63): " When See also:

• THOU, JACQUES AUGUSTE DE [THUANUS] (1553-1617)
• THOU, NOM

thou See also:

• ART

art alone in thy See also:

• CELL (from Lat. cella, probably from an Indo-European kal —seen in Lat. celare, to hide; another suggestion connects the word with Lat. cera, wax, taking the original meaning to refer to the honeycomb)

cell shut thy See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door, and seat thyself in a corner; raise thy mind above all things vain and transitory' ; recline thy See also:

• BEARD (A.S. beard, O. H. and Mod. Ger. Bart, Dan. beard, Icel. bar, rim, edge, beak of a ship, &c., O. Slay. barda, Russ. barodd. Cf. Welsh barf, Lat.. barba, though, according to the New English Dictionary, the connexion is for phonetic reasons doubtful)
• BEARD, WILLIAM HOLBROOK (1825-1900)

beard and See also:

• CHIN

chin on thy See also:

• BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast; turn thine eyes and thy thought towards the middle of thy belly, the region of the See also:

• NAVEL (O. Eng. nafela, a word common to Teutonic languages; of. Ger. Nobel, Swed. nafvel; the Sanskrit is nabhila; the English root is also seen in " nave," the hub of a wheel)

navel (bj aXos); and See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart, the seat of the soul . At first all will be dark and comfortless; but if thou persevere See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day and See also:

• NIGHT

night, thou wilt feel an ineffable joy; and no sooner has the soul discovered the place of the heart than it is involved in a mystic and ethereal See also:

• LIGHT

light." About the See also:

• YEAR

year 1337 this hesychasm, which is obviously related to certain well-known forms of See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental See also:

• MYSTICISM (from Or. µuety, to shut the eyes; µuorrts, one initiated into the mysteries)

mysticism, attracted the See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention of the learned and versatile Barlaam, a Calabrian See also:

• MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
• MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
• MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
• MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)

monk, who at that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time held the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot in the Basilian monastery of St Saviour's in See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople, and who had visited the See also:

• FRATERNITIES, COLLEGE

fraternities of Mount Athos on a tour of inspection . Amid much that he disapproved, what he specially took exception to as heretical and blasphemous was the See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine entertained as to the nature of this divine light, the fruition of which was the supposed See also:

• REWARD

reward of hesychastic contemplation . It was maintained to be the pure and perfect essence of See also:

• GOD

God Himself, that eternal light which had been manifested to the disciples on Mount See also:

• TABOR

Tabor at the transfiguration . This Barlaam held to be polytheistic, inasmuch as it postulated two eternal substances, a visible and an invisible God . On the hesychastic See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side the controversy was taken up by See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory See also:

• PALAMAS, GREGORIUS (a. 1296-1359)

Palamas, after-wards See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of Thessalonica, who laboured to establish a distinction between eternal ouvia and eternal Evil yeta . In 1341 the dispute came before a See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod held at Constantinople and presided over by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor Andronicus; the See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly, influenced by the veneration in which the writings of the pseudo-See also:

• DIONYSIUS
• DIONYSIUS (c. 432–367 B.C.)

Dionysius were held in the Eastern Church, overawed Barlaam, who recanted and returned to See also:

• CALABRIA

Calabria, afterwards becoming See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Hierace in the Latin communion . One of his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends, Gregory Acindynus, continued the controversy, and three other synods on the subject were held, at the second of which the Barlaamites gained a brief victory . But in 1351 under the See also:

• PRESIDENCY

presidency of the emperor See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Cantacuzenus, the uncreated light of Mount Tabor was established as an See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article of faith for the Greeks, who ever since have been ready to recognize it as an additional ground of separation from the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Church .

The contemporary historians Cantacuzenua and Nicephorus See also:

• GREGORAS, NICEPHORUS (c. 1295-1360)

Gregoras See also:

• DEAL

deal very copiously with this subject, taking the Hesychast and Barlaamite sides respectively . It may be mentioned that in the time of Justinian the word hesychast was applied to monks in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general simply as descriptive of the quiet and contemplative See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of their pursuits . See article " Hesychasten" in See also:

• HERZOG, HANS (1819–1894)
• HERZOG, JOHANN JAKOB (1805-1882)

Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopddie (3rd ed., 1900), where further references are given .