HIC DAMASI MATER POSVIT LAVREN[TIA MEMBRA]  . In the same See also:

• YEAR

year See also:

• BUILDING

building operations in the Via di Sant' Onofrio revealed the presence of catacombs beneath the See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations: examination of the loculi showed that no martyrs or illustrious persons were buried here . In 1903 a new See also:

• CEMETERY (Gr. Korrsnri7pwv, from Hoiµav, to sleep)

cemetery with frescoes came to See also:

• LIGHT

light on the Via See also:

• LATINA, VIA

Latina, considered by Marucchi to have belonged to a heretical See also:

• SECT

sect . In the same year the Jewish cemetery on the Via Pbrtuense, known to Bosio but since forgotten, was rediscovered . The subterranean See also:

• BASILICA

basilica of SS . See also:

• FELIX
• FELIX, ANTONIUS
• FELIX, LIA (1830– )

Felix and Adauctus, discovered by Boldetti and afterwards choked up with ruins, was cleared again: the See also:

• CRYPT (Lat. crypta, from the Gr. Kp&arrew, to hide)

crypt, begun by See also:

• DAMASUS

Damasus and enlarged by See also:

• SIRICIUS

Siricius, contains frescoes of the 6th-7th centuries . A See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of the catacombs at Albano (at the 15th milestone of the See also:

• APPIAN (Gr. 'Aairtavbs)

Appian way), discovered by Boldetti and described by De See also:

• ROSSI, LUIGI DE
• ROSSI, PELLEGRINO LUIGI EDOARDO, COUNT (1787-1848)

Rossi, has been published by Marucchi (Nuovo Bulletino di archeologia cristiana, 1902, pp . 89 ff.) . In 1904 a small subterranean cemetery was discovered at See also:

• ANAGNIA [mod. Anagni; pop. (1901) 10,059]

Anagnia . Catacombs have also been recently discovered on the site of See also:

• HADRUMETUM

Hadrumetum near Sousse in See also:

• TUNISIA (Regency of Tunis)

Tunisia . (014 W . R .

B.; O . M . D.) discoveries made by the active Commissione di archeologia sacra are chronicled with as little delay as possible in the Nuovo Bulletino de archeologia cristiana published in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . The most See also:

• RECENT

recent accounts of the catacombs are to be found in the following books: Armellini, Gli Antichi Cimiteri cristiani di See also:

• ROMA

Roma'e d' Italia (Rome, 1893); O . Marucchi, Le Catacombe romane (Rome, 1903; also translated into See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French), Manuale di epigrafia cristiana (See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan, 1904) ; M . Besnier, See also:

• LES

Les Catacombes de Rome (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1909) . Among the older See also:

• WORKS

works are: Bosio, Roma sotterranea, Severano's edition (1632), and Aringhi's edition (1651); Boldetti, Osservazioni sopra i cimiteri dei santi See also:

• MARTINI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA (1706–1784)
• MARTINI, SIMONE (1283-1344)

martini (Rome, 1720) ; Bottari, Sculture e pitture sagre, &c . (Rome, 1737–1754); See also:

• SEROUX

Seroux d'See also:

• AGINCOURT (AZINCOURT)

Agincourt, Histoire de fart See also:

• PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par les monuments (Paris, 1823 ; See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German ed., 184o) ; G . Marchi, Monumenti delle arti cristiane See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive (Rome, 1844) ; Raoul Rochette, Tableau See also:

• DES

des catacombes de Rome (2nd ed., Paris, 1853) ; Perret, Les Catacombes de Rome (Paris, 1855)—a sumptuous See also:

• FOLIO (properly the ablative case of the Lat. folium, leaf, but also frequently an adaptation of the Ital. foglio)

folio See also:

• WORK

work, but not always accurate, See also:

• ROLLER

Roller, Les Catacombes de Rome (Paris, 1881); V . See also:

• SCHULTZE, MAX JOHANN SIGISMUND (1825-1874)

Schultze, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Katakomben (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1882) . Works written in See also:

• ENGLISH

English are: See also:

• NORTHCOTE, JAMES (1746-1831)

Northcote and Brownlow, Roma sotterranea (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1869; based upon De Rossi) ; See also:

• WHARTON (FAMILY)
• WHARTON, FRANCIS (1820–1889)
• WHARTON, HENRY (1664–1695)

Wharton Marriott, The Testimony of the Catacombs (London, 1870) ; J . H .

See also:

• PARKER, JOHN HENRY (1806-1884)
• PARKER, JOSEPH (183o-1902)
• PARKER, MARTIN (c. 1600-c. 1656)
• PARKER, MATTHEW (1504-1575)
• PARKER, SAMUEL (164o-1688)
• PARKER, SIR GILBERT (1862— )
• PARKER, SIR HYDE, BART
• PARKER, THEODORE (1810-186o)

Parker, The See also:

• ARCHAEOLOGY (from Gr. &pxa1a, ancient things, and Xoyos, theory or science)

Archaeology of Rome: the Catacombs; See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith and Cheetham, See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary of See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian Antiquities, s.v . " Catacombs ; R . Lanciani, See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

Pagan and Christian Rome (London, 1892) ; W . Lowry, Christian See also:

• ART

Art and Archaeology, ch. ii . (London, 19o1; auseful introduction to the subject) ; H . See also:

• GEE, THOMAS (1815—1898)

Gee, " The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church in the Catacombs," in W . Lefroy's Lectures in Ecclesiastical See also:

• HISTORY

History (1896); Th . See also:

• MOMMSEN, THEODOR (1817–1903)

Mommsen, in the Contemporary See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review, May 1871 . Accounts of the catacombs will also be found in the encyclopaedias and manuals published under the following names: Martigny, Perate, F . X . Kraus (Realencyklopadie and Geschichte der christlichen Kunst), Reusens, V . Schultze and C .

M . See also:

• KAUFFMANN, IMARIA

Kauffmann, and in the large new Dictionnaire d'archeologie chretienne et liturgie, published at Paris under the editorship of Dom F . Cabrol . The catacombs at See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples are described in C . F . Bellermann, fiber die altesten christlichen Begrdbnisstatten and besonders die Katakomben zu Neapel (See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg, 1839) ; Armellini, as above, and V . Schultze, Die Katakomben von See also:

• SAN

San Gennaro dei Poveri in Neapel (See also:

• JENA

Jena, 1877) . For the catacombs in See also:

• MALTA
• MALTA (or MEDITERRANEAN) FEVER

Malta, A . A . Caruana, See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

Ancient Pagan Tombs and Christian Cemeteries in the Islands of Malta (Malta, 1898), and A . Mayr, " Die altchristlichen Begrabnisstatten auf Malta," in Romische Quartalschrift, vol. xv. pp . 216 and 352 (Rome, 1901), may be consulted .

The fullest See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the Sicilian catacombs is given by J . Ftihrer, Forschungen zur Sicilia sotterranea (See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich, 1897) ; and D . C . Barrecca, Le Catacombe di San Giovanni in Siracusa (See also:

• SYRACUSE
• SYRACUSE (Gr. Mvpaaovoat; Lat. Syracusae, Ital. Siracusa)

Syracuse, 1906) . A See also:

• CATACOMB

catacomb of the 5th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, discovered at Kertch in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, is described by J . Kulakovsky in Materials for See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian Archaeology (St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg, 1896; a publication of the Russian Imperial Archaeological See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

Commission), but it is written in Russian, as also is the account by V . Latyshev, in Vizantieski Vremennik, vol . Vi. pp . 337 if . (St Petersburg, 1899) . The catacombs at Hadrumetum (Sousse) are described by A . F .

Leynard, Les Catacombes d'Hadrumete, deuxieme campagne de fouilles (1904–1905) . See also Revue Tunisienne (1905), p . 250 . For the catacombs of See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria, Neroutsos See also:

• BEY (a modern Turk. word, the older form being beg, cf. Pers. baig)

Bey, L'Ancienne Alexandrie, may be consulted in addition to De Rossi's See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article mentioned in the See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text . (O . M .