See also:

• MIGUEL, MARIA EVARIST (1802–1866)

MIGUEL See also:

• HIDALGO
• HIDALGO (a Spanish word, contracted from hijo d'algo or hijo de algo, son of something, or somewhat)

HIDALGO Y COSTILLA (1753-1811)  , Mexican patriot, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 8th of May 1753, on a See also:

• FARM

farm at Corralejos, near See also:

• GUANAJUATO, or GUANAXUATO
• GUANAJUATO, or SANTA FE DE GUANAJUATO

Guanajuato . His See also:

• MOTHER

mother's See also:

• MAIDEN, or MAID

maiden name was Gallaga, but contrary to the usual See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of the Spaniards he used only the surname of his See also:

• FATHER

father, Cristobal See also:

• HIDALGO
• HIDALGO (a Spanish word, contracted from hijo d'algo or hijo de algo, son of something, or somewhat)

Hidalgo y Costilla . He was educated at See also:

• VALLADOLID

Valladolid in See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico, and was,ordained See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest in 1779 . Until 1809 he was known only as a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of pious See also:

• LIFE

life who exerted himself to introduce various forms of See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry, including the cultivation of See also:

• SILK

silk, among his parishioners at Dolores . But See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon's invasion of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain in 18o8 caused a widespread commotion . The colonists were indisposed to accept a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French ruler and showed See also:

• GREAT

great zeal in proclaiming See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand VII. as See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king . The See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies they formed for their professedly loyal purpose were regarded, however, by the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish authorities with suspicion as being designed to prepare the See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence of Mexico . Hidalgo and several of his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends, among whom was See also:

• MIGUEL, MARIA EVARIST (1802–1866)

Miguel Dominguez, See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor of See also:

• QUERETARO

Queretaro, engaged in consultation and preparations which the authorities considered treasonable . Dominguez was arrested, but Hidalgo was warned in See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . He collected some See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred of his parishioners, and on the 16th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 18to they seized the See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison at Dolores . This See also:

• ACTION

action began what was in fact a revolt against the Spanish and See also:

• CREOLE (the Fr. form of criollo, a West Indian, probably a negro corruption of the Span. criadillo, the dim. of criado, one bred or reared, from criar, to breed, a derivative of the Lat. creare, to create)

Creole elements of the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population . With what is known as the " grito " or cry of Dolores as their rallying shout, a multitude gathered See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round Hidalgo, who took for his banner a wonder-working picture of the Virgin belonging to a popular See also:

• SHRINE (Lat. scrinium, a case or chest for books, hence a casket; from scribere, to write, Fr. ecrin, Ital. scrigno)

shrine .

At first he met with some success . A See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment of dragoons of the See also:

• MILITIA (Fr. milice, Ger. Miliz, from Lat. miles, soldier, militia, military service)

militia joined him, and some small posts were stormed . The whole tumultuous See also:

• HOST

host moved on the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of Mexico . But here the Spaniards and Creoles were concentrated . Hidalgo lost See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart and retreated . Many of his followers deserted, and on the See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march to Queretaro he was attacked at Aculco by See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• FELIX
• FELIX, ANTONIUS
• FELIX, LIA (1830– )

Felix Calleja on the 7th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 181o, and routed . He endeavoured to continue the struggle, and did succeed in See also:

• COLLECTING

collecting a See also:

• MOB

mob estimated at roo,000 about See also:

• GUADALAJARA

Guadalajara . With this See also:

• ILL

ill-armed and undisciplined See also:

• CROWD, CROUTH, CROWTH

crowd he took up a position on the See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge of See also:

• CALDERON, RODRIGO (d. 1621), COUNT OF OLIVA AND MARQUES DE LAS SIETE IGLESIAS

Calderon on the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• SANTIAGO, or SANTIAGO DE CHILE

Santiago . On the 17th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1811 he was completely beaten by Calleja and a small force of soldiers . Hidalgo was deposed by the other leaders, and soon afterwards all of them were betrayed to the Spaniards . They were tried at See also:

• CHIHUAHUA

Chihuahua, and condemned . Hidalgo was first degraded from the priesthood and then shot as a See also:

• REBEL, JOHANN PETER (176o-1826)

rebel, on the 31st of See also:

• JULY

July or the 1st of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1811 .

See H . H . See also:

• BANCROFT, GEORGE (1800—1891)
• BANCROFT, HUBERT HOWE (1832– )
• BANCROFT, RICHARD (1544–161o)
• BANCROFT, SIR SQUIRE (1841– )

Bancroft, The Pacific States, vol. vii., which contains a copious bibliography .