See also:

• HILARIUS (fl. 1125)
• HILARIUS (HILARY), ST (c. 403-449)
• HILARIUS, or HILARUS (HILARY)

HILARIUS (HILARY), ST (c. 403-449)  , See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• ARLES
• ARLES, KINGDOM OF

Arles, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born about 403 . In See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early youth he entered the See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey of Lerfhs, then presided over by his kinsman Honoratus (St Honore), and succeeded Honoratus in the bishopric of Arles in "429 . Following the example of St See also:

• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (354-430)
• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (d. c.613)

Augustine, he is said to have organized his See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy into a " See also:

• CONGREGATION (Lat. congregatio, a gathering together, from cum, with, grex, gregis, a flock, herd)

congregation," devoting a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PART

part of their See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to social exercises of ascetic See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion . He held the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

metropolitan of See also:

• VIENNE
• VIENNE, COUNCIL OF

Vienne and See also:

• NARBONNE

Narbonne, and attempted to realize the sort of primacy over the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south See also:

• GAUL
• GAUL, GILBERT WILLIAM (1855— )

Gaul See also:

• EASTER

Easter . In the Inns of See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

Court, Hilary is one of the four dining terms; it begins on the 11th of See also:

• JANUARY

January and ends on the 1st of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February . It is also the name of one of the terms at the See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities of See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford (more usually " See also:

• LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")

Lent See also:

• TERM

term ") and See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin . which seemed implied in the vicariate granted to his predecessor church . He was probably a See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil of See also:

• BERENGARIUS [BERENGAR] (d. io88)

Berengarius of See also:

• TOURS

Tours, and became See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master (scholasticus) of the school at Le Mans; in 1091 he was made See also:

• ARCHDEACON (Lat. archidiaconus, Gr. &oxt3tauovor)

archdeacon and in 1096 bishop of Le Mans . He had to See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face the hostility of a See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section of his clergy and also of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William II., who captured Le Mans and carried the bishop with him to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England for about a See also:

• YEAR

year . See also:

• HILDEBERT, HYDALBERT, GILDEBERT

Hildebert then travelled to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome and sought permission to resign his bishopric, which See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• PASCHAL (Paschalis)

Paschal II. refused . In 1116 his See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese was thrown into great confusion owing to the See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry of See also:

• LAUSANNE

Lausanne, who was denouncing the higher clergy, especially the bishop . Hildebert compelled him to leave the neighbourhood of Le Mans, but the effects of his preaching remained .

In 1125 Hildebert was translated very unwillingly to the archbishopric of Tours, and there he came into conflict with the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French king See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis VI. about the rights of ecclesiastical patronage and with the bishop of See also:

• DOL

Dol about the authority of his see in See also:

• BRITTANY

Brittany . He presided over the See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod of See also:

• NANTES
• NANTES, EDICT OF

Nantes, and died at Tours probably on the 18th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1133 . Hildebert, who built part of the cathedral at Le Mans, has received from some writers the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint, but there appears to be no authority for this . He was not a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of very strict See also:

• LIFE

life; his contemporaries, however, had a very high See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion of him and he was called egregius versificator . The extant writings of Hildebert consist of letters, poems, a few sermons, two lives and one or two See also:

• TREATISES

treatises . An edition of his See also:

• WORKS

works prepared by the Maurist, See also:

• ANTOINE, ANDRE (1858- )

Antoine Beaugendre, and entitled Venerabilis Hildeberti, primo Cenomannensis episcopi, deinde Turonensis archiepiscopi, See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

opera See also:

• TAM, JACOB BEN MEIR (1100-1171)

tam edita quam inedita, was published in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 17o8 and was reprinted with additions by J . J . Bourasse in 1854 . These See also:

• EDITIONS

editions, however, are very faulty . They See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit Hildebert with numerous writings which are the See also:

• WORK

work of others, while some genuine writings are omitted . The See also:

• REVELATION, BOOK OF

revelation of this fact has affected Hildebert's position in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval thought . His See also:

• STANDING

standing as a philosopher rested upon his supposed authorship of the important Tractatus theologicus; but this is now regarded as the work of See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh of St See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor, and consequently Hildebert can hardly be counted among the philosophers .

His genuine writings include many letters . These Epistolae enjoyed great popularity in the 12th and 13th centuries, and were frequently used as See also:

• CLASSICS

classics in the See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . Those which concern the struggle between the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor Henry V. and Pope Paschal II. have been edited by E . Sackur and printed in the Monumenta Germaniae historica . Libelli de lice ii . (1893) . His poems, which See also:

• DEAL

deal with various subjects, are disfigured by many defects of See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style and See also:

• METRE ((terpuc?, sc. rFxvf, from Gr. Or poi', measure)

metre, but they too were very popular . Hildebert attained celebrity also as a preacher both in French and Latin, but only a few of his sermons are in existence, most of the 144 attributed to him by his editors being the work of See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter Lombard and others . The Vitae written by Hildebert are the lives of See also:

• HUGO, GUSTAV VON (1764–1844)
• HUGO, VICTOR MARIE (1802-1885)

Hugo, See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot of See also:

• CLUNY, or CLUGNY

Cluny, and of St See also:

• RADEGUNDA, ST (d. 587)

Radegunda . Undoubtedly genuine is also his See also:

• LIBER

Liber de querimonia et conftictu carnis et spiritus seu animae . Hildebert was an excellent Latin See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar, being acquainted with See also:

• CICERO

Cicero, See also:

• OVID [PUBLIUS OvID1us NASO] (43 B.C.–A.D. 17)

Ovid and other authors, and his spirit is rather that of a See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

pagan than of a See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian writer . Patroclus (417) .

See also:

• HILARIUS (fl. 1125)
• HILARIUS (HILARY), ST (c. 403-449)
• HILARIUS, or HILARUS (HILARY)

Hilarius deposed the bishop of See also:

• BESANCON

Besancon (Chelidonus), for ignoring this primacy, and for claiming a metropolitan dignity for Besancon . An See also:

• APPEAL

appeal was made to Rome, and See also:

• LEO
• LEO (THE LION)
• LEO, BROTHER (d. c. 1270)
• LEO, HEINRICH (1799-1878)
• LEO, JOHANNES (c. 1494-1552)
• LEO, LEONARDO (1694–1744)

Leo I. used it to extinguish the Gallican vicariate (A.D . 444) . Hilarius was deprived of his rights as metropolitan to consecrate bishops, See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call synods, or exercise ecclesiastical over-sight in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province, and the pope secured the See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

edict of Valentinian III., so important in the history of the Gallican church, " ut episcopis Gallicanis omnibusque See also:

• PRO

pro lege esset quidquid apostolicae sedis auctoritas sanxisset." The papal claims were made imperial See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, and violation of them subject to legal penalties (Novellae Valent. iii. tit . 16) . Hilarius died in 449, and his name was afterwards introduced into the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• MARTYROLOGY

martyrology for See also:

• COMMEMORATION

commemoration on the 5th of May . He enjoyed during his lifetime a high reputation for learning and eloquence as well as for piety; his extant works (Vita S . Honorati Arelatensis episcopi and Metrum in Genesin) compare favourably with any similar See also:

• LITERARY

literary productions of that See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . A poem, De providentia, usually included among the writings of Prosper, is sometimes attributed to Hilary of Arles .