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HIMERIUS (c. A.D. 315-386)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 476 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HIMERIUS (c. A.D. 315-386)  , See also:Greek sophist and rhetorician, was See also:born at Prusa in See also:Bithynia . He completed his See also:education at See also:Athens, whence he was summoned to See also:Antioch in 362 by the See also:emperor See also:Julian to See also:act as his private secretary . After the See also:death of Julian in the following See also:year See also:Himerius returned to Athens, where he established a school of See also:rhetoric, which he compared with that of Isocrates and the Delphic See also:oracle, owing to the number of those who flocked from all parts of the See also:world to hear him . Amongst his pupils were See also:Gregory of Nazianzus and See also:Basil the See also:Great, See also:bishop of Caesarea . In recognition of his merits, civic rights and the membership of the See also:Areopagus were conferred upon him . The death of his son See also:Rufinus (his lament for whom, called µovy3la, is extant) and that of a favourite daughter greatly affected his See also:health; in his later years he became See also:blind and he died of See also:epilepsy . Although a See also:heathen, who had been initiated into the mysteries of Mithra by Julian, he shows no See also:prejudice against the Christians . Himerius is a typical representative of the later rhetorical See also:schools . See also:Photius (See also:cod . 165, 243 See also:Bekker) had read 71 speeches by him, of 36 of which he has given an See also:epitome; 24 have come down to us See also:complete and fragments of to or 12 others . They consist of epideictic or " display " speeches after the See also:style of See also:Aristides, the See also:majority of them having been delivered on See also:special occasions, such as the arrival of a new See also:governor, visits to different cities (Thessalonica, See also:Constantinople), or the death of See also:friends or well-known personages . The Polemarchicus, like the Menexenus of See also:Plato and the Epitaphios See also:Logos of See also:Hypereides, is a See also:panegyric of those who had given their lives for their See also:country; it is so called because it was originally the See also:duty of the polemarch to arrange the funeral See also:games in See also:honour of those who had fallen in See also:battle .

Other declamations, only known from the excerpts in Photius, were imaginary orations put into the mouth of famous persons—See also:

Demosthenes advocating the recall of See also:Aeschines from banishment, Hypereides supporting the policy of Demosthenes, See also:Themistocles inveighing against the See also:king of See also:Persia, an orator unnamed attacking See also:Epicurus for See also:atheism before Julian at Constantinople . Himerius is more of a poet than a rhetorician, and his declamations are valuable as giving See also:prose versions or even the actual words of lost poems by Greek lyric writers . The prose poem on the See also:marriage of See also:Severus and his greeting to Basil at the beginning of See also:spring are quite in the spirit of the old lyric . Himerius possesses vigour of See also:language and descriptive See also:powers, though his productions are spoilt by too frequent use of imagery, allegorical and metaphorical obscurities, mannerism and ostentatious learning . But they are valuable for the See also:history and social conditions of the See also:time, although lacking the sincerity characteristic of See also:Libanius . See See also:Eunapius, Vitae sophistarum; Suidas, s.v.; See also:editions by G . Wernsdorf (1790), with valuable introduction and commentaries, and by F . See also:Dubner (1849) in the See also:Didot See also:series; C . Teuber, Quaestiones Ilimerianae (See also:Breslau, 1882); on the style, E . See also:Norden, See also:Die antike Kunstprosa (1898) .

End of Article: HIMERIUS (c. A.D. 315-386)
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