GUSTAV EDUARD VON See also:

• GUSTAV EDUARD VON HINDERSIN (1804-1872)

HINDERSIN (1804-1872)  , Prussian See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• WERNIGERODE

Wernigerode near See also:

• HALBERSTADT

Halberstadt on the 18th of See also:

• JULY

July 1804 . He was the son of a See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest and received a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• EDUCATION

education . His earlier See also:

• LIFE

life was spent in See also:

• GREAT

great poverty, and the struggle for existence See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed in him an See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron strength of See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . Entering the Prussian See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery in 1820 he became an officer in 1825 . From 1830 to 1837 he attended the Allgemeine Kriegsakademie at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, and in 1841, while still a subaltern, he was posted to the great General See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

Staff, in which he afterwards directed the topographical See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section . In 1849 he served with the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major on the staff of General Peucker, who commanded a federal See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps in the suppression of the See also:

• BADEN
• BADEN, GRAND DUCHY OF

Baden insurrection . He See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into the hands of the insurgents at the See also:

• ACTION

action of Ladenburg, but was released just before the fall of Rastadt . In the Danish See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of 1864 See also:

• HINDERSIN, GUSTAV EDUARD VON (1804-1872)

Hindersin, now See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-general, directed the artillery operations against the lines of Diippel, and for his services was ennobled by the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia . Soon afterwards he became inspector-general of artillery . His experience at See also:

• DUPPEL

Duppel had convinced him that the days of the smooth-See also:

• BORE

bore See also:

• GUN

gun were past, and he now devoted himself with unremitting zeal to the rearmament and reorganization of the Prussian artillery . The available funds were small, and grudginglyvoted by the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . There was a strong feeling moreover that the smooth-bore was still tactically See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior to its See also:

• RIVAL

rival (see ARTILLERY, § 19) .

There was no See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical training for war in either the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field or the fortress artillery See also:

• UNITS, DIMENSIONS OF
• UNITS, PHYSICAL

units . The latter had made scarcely any progress since the days of See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick the Great, and before von Hindersin's See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment had practised with the same guns in the same See also:

• BASTION (through the Fr. from late Lat. bastire, to build)

bastion See also:

• YEAR

year after year . All this was altered, the whole " See also:

• FOOT

foot-artillery " was reorganized, manoeuvres were instituted, and the smooth-bores were, except for ditch See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence, eliminated from the armament of the Prussian fortresses . But far more important was his See also:

• WORK

work in connexion with the field and See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse batteries . In 1864 only one See also:

• BATTERY (Fr. batterie, from battles, to beat)

battery in four had rifled guns, but by the unrelenting See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy of von Hindersin the outbreak of war with See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria one and a See also:

• HALF

half years later found the Prussians with ten in every sixteen batteries armed with the new weapon . But the battles of 1866 showed, besides the superiority of the rifled gun, a very marked See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of See also:

• TACTICAL

tactical efficiency in the Prussian artillery, which was almost always outmatched by that of the enemy . Von Hindersin had pleaded, in See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season and out of season, for the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of a school of gunnery; and in spite of want of funds, such a school had already been established . After 1866, however, more support was obtained, and the improvement in the Prussian field artillery between 1866 and 1870 was extraordinary, even though there had not been See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time for the work of the school', to See also:

• LEAVEN (in Mid. Eng. levain, adapted from Fr. levain, in same sense, from Lat. levamen, which is only found in the sense of alleviation, comfort, levare, to lift up)

leaven the whole See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm . Indeed, the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German artillery played by far the most important See also:

• PART

part in the victories of the Franco-German war . Von Hindersin accompanied the king's headquarters as See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of artillery, as he had done in 1866, and was See also:

• PRESENT

present at See also:

• GRAVELOTTE

Gravelotte, See also:

• SEDAN

Sedan and the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . But his work, which was now accomplished, had worn out his See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers, and he died on the 23rd of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1872 at Berlin . See Bartholomaus, Der General der Infanterie von Hindersin (Berlin, 1895), and See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince Kraft zu See also:

• HOHENLOHE

Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, Letters on Artillery (translated by Major Walford, R.A.), No.. xi .