See also:

• HIRING (from O. Eng. hyrian, a word common to many Teutonic languages cf. Ger. heuern, Dutch huren, &c.)

HIRING (from O. Eng. hyrian, a word See also:

• COMMON

common to many See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages cf. Ger. heuern, Dutch huren, &c.)  , in See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, a See also:

• CONTRACT
• CONTRACT (Lat. contract us, from contrahere, to draw together, to bind)

contract by which one See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man grants the use of a thing to another in return for a certain See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price . It corresponds to the locatio-conductio of See also:

• ROMAN

Roman law . That contract was either a letting of a thing (locatio-conductio rei) or of labour (locatio operarum) . The distinguishing feature of the contract was the price . Thus the contracts of mutuum, commodatum, depositum and mandatum, which are all gratuitous contracts, become, if a price is fixed, cases of locatio-conductio . In See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• ENGLISH

English law the See also:

• TERM

term can scarcely be said to be used in a strictly technical sense . The contracts which the Roman law grouped together under the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of locatio-conductio—such as those of landlord and See also:

• TENANT (from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenant, See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master and servant, &c.—are not in English law treated as cases of See also:

• HIRING (from O. Eng. hyrian, a word common to many Teutonic languages cf. Ger. heuern, Dutch huren, &c.)

hiring but as See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent varieties of contract . Neither in law books nor in See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary discourse could a tenant See also:

• FARMER, RICHARD (1735–1787)

farmer be said to hire his See also:

• LAND

land . Hiring would generally be applied to contracts in which the services of a man or the use of a thing are engaged for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . Hiring Fairs, or See also:

• STATUTE

Statute Fairs, still held in See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales and some parts of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, were formerly an See also:

• ANNUAL

annual fixture in every important See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country See also:

• TOWN

town . These fairs served to bring together masters and servants . The men and maids seeking See also:

• WORK

work stood in rows, the See also:

• MALES

males together and the See also:

• FEMALES

females together, while masters and mistresses walked down the lines and selected those who suited them .

Originally these hiring-fairs were always held on Martinmas See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

Day (11th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November) . Now they are held on different See also:

• DATES

dates in different towns, usually in See also:

• OCTOBER

October or November . In See also:

• CUMBERLAND
• CUMBERLAND, DUKES AND EARLS OF
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1632-1718)
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1732-1811)
• CUMBERLAND, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS

Cumberland the men seeking work stood with straws in their mouths . In See also:

• LINCOLNSHIRE

Lincolnshire the bargain between employer and employed was closed by the giving of the " fasten-See also:

• PENNY (Mid. Eng. peni or peny, from O. Eng. form penig, earlier penning and pending; the word appears in Ger. Pfennig and Du. penning; it has been connected with Du. pand, Ger. Pfand, and Eng. " pawn,". the word meaning a little pledge or token, or with G
• PENNY, GIANFRANCESCO (1488–1528)

penny," the See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest See also:

• MONEY

money, usually a See also:

• SHILLING

shilling, which " fastened " the contract for a twelvemonth . Some few days after the Statute See also:

• FAIR

Fair it was customary to hold a second called a See also:

• MOP

Mop Fair or Runaway Mop . " Mop " (from See also:

• LAT

Lat. mappa, napkin, or small See also:

• CLOTH

cloth) meant in Old English a tuft or tassel, and the fair was so called, it is suggested, in allusion to tufts or badges worn by those seeking employment . Thus the See also:

• CARTER, ELIZABETH (1717-1806)

carter wore whipcord on his See also:

• HAT

hat, the cowherd a tuft of cow's See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair, and so on . Another possible explanation would be to take the word " mop " in its old provincial See also:

• SLANG

slang sense of " a See also:

• FOOL (O. Fr. fol, modern fou, foolish, from a Late Latin use of follis, bellows, a ball filled with air, for a stupid person, a jester, a wind-bag)

fool," mop fair being the See also:

• FOOLS, FEAST OF (Lat. festum stultorum, fatuorum, follorum, Fr. fete des fous)

fools' fair, a sort of last See also:

• CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ")

chance offered to those who were too dull or slovenly-looking to be hired at the statute fair . Perhaps " run-away " suggests the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of those absent through See also:

• DRUNKENNESS

drunkenness, or those who simply feared to See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face the See also:

• ORDEAL (O.Eng. ordal, ordael, judgment)

ordeal of the larger hiring and so ran away .