See also:

• HIRPINI (from an Oscan or Sabine stem hirpo-, "wolf ")

HIRPINI (from an Oscan or See also:

• SABINE, SIR EDWARD (1788-1883)

Sabine See also:

• STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem hirpo-, "See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

wolf ")  , an inland Samnite tribe in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, whose territory was bounded by that of the Lucani on the S., the Campani on the S.V., the Appuli (Apuli) and See also:

• FRENTANI

Frentani on the E. and N.E . On the N. we find them, politically speaking, identified with the Pentri and Caraceeni, and with them constituting the Samnite See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance in the See also:

• WARS

wars of the 4th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.C . (see See also:

• SAMNITES

SAMNITES) . The See also:

• ROMAN

Roman policy of separation cut them off from these See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies by the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of Beneventum in 268 B.C., and henceforward they are a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate unit; they joined See also:

• HANNIBAL
• HANNIBAL (" mercy " or " favour of Baal ")

Hannibal in 216 B.C., and retained their See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence until, after joining in the Social See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, which in their See also:

• PART

part of Italy can hardly be said to have ceased till the final defeat of the Samnites by See also:

• SULLA, LUCIUS CORNELIUS (138–78 B.C.)

Sulla in 83 B.C., they received the Roman See also:

• FRANCHISE (from 0. Fr. franchise, freedom, franc, free)

franchise . Of their Oscan speech, besides the See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of their See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place-names, only a few fragments survive (R . S . See also:

• CONWAY (Conwy, or Aberconwy)
• CONWAY, HENRY SEYMOUR (1721-1795)
• CONWAY, HUGH
• CONWAY, MONCURE DANIEL (1832–1907)
• CONWAY, SIR WILLIAM MARTIN (1856– )

Conway, The See also:

• ITALIC

Italic Dialects, pp . 170 ff.; and for hirpo-, ib. p . 200) . In the See also:

• ETHNOLOGY

ethnology of Italy the See also:

• HIRPINI (from an Oscan or Sabine stem hirpo-, "wolf ")

Hirpini appear from one point of view as the purest type of Safine stock, namely, that in which the proportion of ethnica formed with the suffix -no-is highest, See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-three out of thirty-six tribal or municipal epithets being formed thereby (e.g . Caudini, Compsani) and onlyone with the suffix -ti- (Ahellinates), where it is clearly secondary . On the significance of this see See also:

• SABINI

SABINI .

(R . S . C.) HIRSAU (formerly Hirschau), a See also:

• VILLAGE

village of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, in the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of See also:

• WURTTEMBERG

Wurttemberg, on the Nagold and the See also:

• PFORZHEIM

Pforzheim-Horb railway, 2 M . N. of See also:

• CALW

Calw . Pop . 800 . Hirsau has some small manufactures, but it owes its origin and See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• INTEREST

interest to its former See also:

• BENEDICTINE

Benedictine monastery, Monasterium Hirsaugiense, at one See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period one of the most famous in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . Its picturesque ruins, of which only the See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel with the library See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall are still in See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good preservation, testify to the pristine grandeur of the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment . It was founded about 83o by See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Erlafried of Calw, at the instigation of his son, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop Notting of See also:

• VERCELLI (anc. Vercellae)

Vercelli, who enriched it with, among other treasures, the See also:

• BODY

body of St Aurelius . Its first occupants (838) were a See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of fifteen monks from See also:

• FULDA

Fulda, disciples of Hrabanus Maurus and Walafrid See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo, headed by the See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot Liudebert . During about a century and a See also:

• HALF

half, under the fostering care of the See also:

• COUNTS

counts of Calw, it enjoyed See also:

• GREAT

great prosperity, and became an important seat of learning; but towards the end of the loth century the ravages of the pestilence combined with the rapacity of its patrons, and the selfishness and immorality of its inmates, to bring it to the lowest ebb . After it had been desolate and in ruins for upwards of sixty years it was rebuilt in 1059, and under Abbot See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William—Wilhelm von Hirsau—abbot from 1069 to 1091, it more than regained its former splendour .

By his Constitutiones Hirsaugienses, a new religious See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, the Ordo Hirsaugiensis, was formed, the See also:

• RULE

rule of which was afterwards adopted by many monastic establishments throughout Germany, such as those of See also:

• BLAUBEUREN

Blaubeuren, See also:

• ERFURT

Erfurt and See also:

• SCHAFFHAUSEN
• SCHAFFHAUSEN (Fr. Schaffhouse)

Schaffhausen . The friend and correspondent of See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory VII., and of See also:

• ANSELM
• ANSELM (c. 1033-1109)

Anselm of See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury, Abbot William took active part in the politico-ecclesiastical controversies of his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time; while a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise from his See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen, De musica et tonis, as well as the Philosophicarum et astronomicarum institutionum libri iii., bears See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness to his interest in See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science and See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy . About the end of the 12th century the material and moral welfare of Hirsau was again very perceptibly on the decline; and it never after-wards again See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose into importance . In consequence of the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation it was secularized in 1558; in 1692 it was laid in ruins by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French . The Chronicon Hirsaugiense, or, as in the later edition it is called, Annales Hirsaugienses of Abbot See also:

• TRITHEMIUS, JOHANNES (1462–1516)

Trithemius (See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel, 1559; St See also:

• GALL (a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch gal, and Ger. Galle; the Indo-European root appears in Gr. xoXi,, and Lat. fel; possibly connected with " yellow," with reference to the colour of bile)
• GALL, FRANZ JOSEPH (1758-1828)

Gall, 16go),is, although containing much that is merely legendary, an important source of See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information, not only on the affairs of this monastery, but also on the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• HISTORY

history of Germany . The Codex Hirsaugiensis was edited by A . F . See also:

• GFRORER, AUGUST FRIEDRICH (1803–1861)

Gfrorer and printed at See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart in 1843 . See Steck, Das Kloster Hirschau (1844) ; Helmsdorfer, Forschungen zur Geschichte See also:

• DES

des Abts Wilhelm von Hirschau (See also:

• GOTTINGEN

Gottingen, 1874) ; See also:

• WEIZSACKER, KARL (1822-1899)

Weizsacker, Rarer durch See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die Geschichte des Klosters Hirschau (Stuttgart, 1898) ; Sussmann, Forschungen zur Geschichte des Klosters Hirschau (See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle, 19o3); Giseke, Die Hirschauer wethrend des Investiturstreits (See also:

• GOTHA

Gotha, 1883) ; C . H . Klaiber, Das Kloster Hirschau (See also:

• TUBINGEN

Tubingen, 1886) ; and See also:

• BAER, KARL ERNST VON (1792-1876)
• BAER, WILLIAM JACOB (186o– )

Baer, Die Hirsauers Bauschule (See also:

• FREIBURG

Freiburg, 1897) .