JACQUES IGNACE See also:

• JACQUES IGNACE HITTORFF (1792-1867)

HITTORFF (1792-1867)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French architect, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne on the loth of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1792 . After serving an See also:

• APPRENTICESHIP (from Fr. apprendre, to learn)

apprenticeship to a See also:

• MASON, FRANCIS (1799—1874)
• MASON, GEORGE (1725—1792)
• MASON, GEORGE HEMMING (1818–1872)
• MASON, JAMES MURRAY (1798-1871)
• MASON, JOHN (1586-1635)
• MASON, JOHN YOUNG (1799-1859)
• MASON, LOWELL (1792—1872)
• MASON, SIR JOHN (1503–1566)
• MASON, SIR JOSIAH (1795-1881)
• MASON, WILLIAM (1725—1797)

mason in his native See also:

• TOWN

town, he went in 18io to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, and studied for some years at the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of See also:

• FINE

Fine Arts, where he was a favourite See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil of Belanger, the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government architect, who in 1814 appointed him his See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal inspector . Succeeding Belanger as government architect in 1818, he designed many important public and private buildings in Paris and also in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . From 1819 to 183o in collaboration with le Cointe he directed the royal fetes and ceremonials . After making architectural See also:

• TOURS

tours in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy and See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily, he published the result of his observations in the latter See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country in the See also:

• WORK

work See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

Architecture See also:

• ANTIQUE (Lat. antiquus, old)

antique de la Sicile (3 vols., 1826–183o; new edition, 1866–1867), and also in Architecture moderne de la Sicile (1826–1835) . One of his important discoveries was that See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour had been made use of in See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek architecture, a subject which he especially discussed in Architecture polychrome chez See also:

• LES

les Grecs (183o) and in Restitution du See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple d'Empedocle a Selinunte (1851); and in accordance with the doctrines enunciated in these See also:

• WORKS

works he was in the See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of making colour an important feature in most of his architectural designs . His principal See also:

• BUILDING

building is the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• VINCENT (or VINCENTIUS), ST
• VINCENT, GEORGE (1796-1831?)
• VINCENT, MARY ANN (1818-1887)

Vincent de See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul in the See also:

• BASILICA

basilica See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, which was constructed between 1830 and 1844 . He also designed the two fountains in the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

Place de la Concorde, the See also:

• CIRCUS (Lat. circus, Gr. Kipeos or Kptxot, a ring or' circle; probably " circus " and " ring " are of the same origin)

Circus of the Empress, the Rotunda of the panoramas, many cafes and restaurants of the Champs Elysees, the houses forming the circle See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the Arc de Triomphe de 1'Etoile, besides many embellishments of the Bois de See also:

• BOULOGNE, or BOULLONGNE

Boulogne and other places . In 1833 he was elected a member of the Academy of Fine Arts . He died in Paris on the 25th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1867 .