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See also: German biblical critic, was See also: born at Hauingen, See also: Baden, where his See also: father was a pastor, on the 23rd of See also: June 1807
.
He studied See also: theology at See also: Heidelberg under H
.
E
.
G
.
Paulus, at See also: Halle under Wilhelm Gesenius and at See also: Gottingen under Ewald
.
Returning to Heidelberg he became Privatdozent in theology in 1829, and in 1831 published his Begriff der Kritik am See also: Allen Testamente praktisch ervrtert, a study of Old Testament See also: criticism in which he explained the critical principles of the grammatico-See also: historical school, and his See also: Des Propheten See also: Jonas Orakel uber See also: Moab, an exposition of the 15th and 16th chapters of the See also: book of See also: Isaiah attributed by him to the See also: prophet Jonah mentioned in 2 See also: Kings xiv
.
25
.
In 1833 he was called to the university of Zurich as professor ordinarius of theology
.
His next See also: work was a commentary on Isaiah with a See also: translation (Ubersetzung u
.
Auslegung des Propheten Jesajas), which he dedicated to Heinrich Ewald, and which Hermann See also: Hupfeld (1796–1866), well known as a commentator on the Psalms (1855-1861), pronounced to be his best exegetical work
.
At Zurich he laboured for a See also: period of twenty-eight years, during which, besides commentaries on The Psalms (1835–1836; 2nd ed.; 1863–1865), The Minor Prophets (1838; 3rd ed., 1863), See also: Jeremiah (184r; 2nd ed., 1866), Ezekiel (1847), Daniel (185o), Ecclesiastes (1847), See also: Canticles (1855), and Proverbs (1858), he published a monograph, Uber Johannes Markus u. See also: seine Schriften (1843), in which he maintained the See also: chronological priority of the second gospel, and sought to prove that the Apocalypse was written by the same author
.
He also published various treatisesof archaeological See also: interest, of which the most important are Die Erfindung des Alphabets (184o), Urgeschichte u
.
Mythologie der Philistder (1845), and Die Grabschrift des Eschmunezar(1855) . After the See also: death of See also: Friedrich Umbreit (1795–1860), one of the founders of the well-known Studien and Kritiken, he was called in 1861 to succeed him as professor of theology at Heidelberg
.
Here he wrote his Geschichte des Volkes Israel (1869-187o), in two parts, extending respectively to the end of the Persian domination and to the fall of Masada, A.D
.
72, as well as a work on the Pauline epistles, Zur Kritik Paulinischer Briefe (187o), on the Moabite See also: Stone, Die Inschrift des Mescha (187o), and on
See also: Assyrian, Sprache u
.
Sprachen Assyriens (1871), besides revising the commentary on See also: Job by Ludwig Hirzel (1802-1841), which was first published in 1839
.
He was also a contributor to the Monatsschrift des wissenschaftlichen Vereins in Zurich, the Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, the Theologische Studien u
.
Kritiken, Eduard See also: Zeller's Theologische Jahrbucher, and Adolf Hilgenfeld's Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Theologie
.
See also: Hitzig died at Heidelberg on the 22nd of See also: January 1875
.
As a See also: Hebrew philologist he holds high See also: rank; and as a constructive critic he is remarkable for acuteness and sagacity
.
As a historian, however, some of his speculations have been considered fanciful
.
" He places the cradle of the
.
Israelites in the See also: south of See also: Arabia, and, like many other critics, makes the historical times begin only with Moses " (F
.
Lichtenberger, See also: History of German Theology, p
.
569)
.
His lectures on biblical theology (Vorlesungen iiber biblische Theologie u. messianische Weissagungen) were published in 188o after his death, along with a portrait and See also: biographical sketch byy his pupil, J
.
J
.
Kneucker (b
.
1840), professor of theology at Heidelberg
.
See Heinrich See also: Steiner, See also: Ferdinand Hitzig (1882); and Adolf Kamphausen's article in Herzog-Hauck's Realencyklopddie
.
HIUNG-NU, HIONG-NU, HEUNG-NU, a
See also: people who about the end of the 3rd century B.C. formed, according to See also: Chinese records, a powerful See also: empire from the See also: Great See also: Wall of See also: China to the See also: Caspian
.
Their ethnical See also: affinities have been much discussed; but it is most probable that they were of the See also: Turki stock, as were the See also: Huns, their later western representatives
.
They are the first See also: Turkish people mentioned by the Chinese
.
A theory which seems plausible is that which assumes them to have been a heterogenous collection of Mongol, Tungus, Turki and perhaps even Finnish hordes under a Mongol military caste, though the Mongolo-Tungus See also: element probably predominated
.
Towards the close of the 1st century of the Christian era the Hiung-nu empire broke up
.
Their subsequent history is obscure . Some of them seem to have gone westward and settled on the Ural See also: river
.
These, de Guiques suggests, were the ancestors of the Huns, and many ethnologists hold that the Hiung-nu were the ancestors of the See also: modern See also: Turks
.
See Journal Anthropological Institute for 1874; See also: Sir H
.
H
.
Howorth, History of the See also: Mongols (1876–188o) ; 6th Congress of Orientalists, See also: Leiden, 1883 (Actes, See also: part iv. pp
.
177-195) ; de Guiques, Histoire generale des Huns, des Turcs, des Mongoles, et des autres Zartares occidentaux (1756–1758)
.
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