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1ST BARON HENRY FOX HOLLAND (1705–1774)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 586 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BARON See also:HENRY See also:FOX See also:HOLLAND (1705–1774)  , See also:English statesman, second son of See also:Sir See also:Stephen See also:Fox, was See also:born on the 28th of See also:September 1705 . Inheriting a large See also:share of the riches which his See also:father had accumulated, he squandered it soon after attaining his See also:majority, and went to the See also:Continent to See also:escape from his creditors . There he made the acquaintance of a See also:country-woman of See also:fortune, who became his patroness and was so lavish with her See also:purse that, after several years' See also:absence, he was in a position to return See also:home and, in 17J5, to enter See also:parliament as member for Hindon in See also:Wiltshire . He became the favourite See also:pupil and devoted supporter of Sir See also:Robert See also:Walpole, achieving unequalled and unenviable proficiency in the worst See also:political arts of his See also:master and See also:model . As a See also:speaker he was fluent and self-possessed, imperturbable under attack, audacious in exposition or See also:retort, and able to hold his own against See also:Pitt himself . Thus he made himself a See also:power in the See also:House of See also:Commons and an indispensable member of several administrations . He was surveyor-See also:general of See also:works from 1737 to 1742, was member for See also:Windsor from 1741 to 1761; See also:lord of the See also:treasury in 1743, secretary at See also:war and member of the privy See also:council in 1746, and in 1755 became See also:leader of the House of Commons, secretary of See also:state and a member of the See also:cabinet under the See also:duke of New-See also:castle . In 1757, in the rearrangements of the See also:government, Fox was ultimately excluded from the cabinet, and given the See also:post of paymaster of the forces . During the war, which Pitt conducted with extraordinary vigour, and in which the nation was intoxicated with See also:glory, Fox devoted himself mainly to accumulating a vast fortune . In 1762 he again accepted the leadership of the House, with a seat in the cabinet, under the See also:earl of See also:Bute, and exercised his skill in cajolery and corruption to induce the House of Commons to approve of the treaty of See also:Paris of 1763; as a recompense, he was raised to the House of Lords with the See also:title of See also:Baron See also:Holland of Foxley, Wiltshire, on the 16th of See also:April 1763 . In 1765 he was forced to resign the paymaster generalship, and four years later a See also:petition of the See also:livery of the See also:city of See also:London against the ministers referred to him as " the public defaulter of unaccounted millions." The proceedings brought against him in the See also:court of See also:exchequer were stayed by a royal See also:warrant; and in a statement published by him he proved that in the delays in making up the accounts of his See also:office he had transgressed neither the See also:law nor the See also:custom of the See also:time . From the See also:interest on the outstanding balances he had, none the less, amassed a princely fortune .

He strove, but in vain, to obtain promotion to the dignity of an earl, a dignity upon which he had set his See also:

heart, and he died at Holland House, See also:Kensington, on the 1st of See also:July 1774, a sorely disappointed See also:man, with a reputation for cunning and unscrupulousness which cannot easily be matched, and with an unpopularity which justifies the conclusion that he was the most thoroughly hated statesman of his See also:day . Lord Holland married in 1744 See also:Lady Georgina See also:Caroline See also:Lennox, daughter of the duke of See also:Richmond, who was created Baroness Holland, of Holland, See also:Lincolnshire, in 1762 . There were four sons of the See also:marriage: Stephen, 2nd Lord Holland (d . 1774); See also:Henry (d. an See also:infant); See also:Charles See also:James (the celebrated statesman); and Henry See also:Edward (1755-1811), soldier and diplomatist .

End of Article: 1ST BARON HENRY FOX HOLLAND (1705–1774)
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