See also:

• WENZEL, KARL FRIEDRICH (1740-1793)

WENZEL See also:

• WENZEL HOLLAR

HOLLAR  or See also:

• WENCESLAUS (1361-1419)

WENCESLAUS [VACLAF HoLAR] (1607–1677), Bohemian etcher, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague on the 13th of See also:

• JULY

July 1607, and died in See also:

• LONDON

London, being buried at St See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret's See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster, on the 28th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1677 . His See also:

• FAMILY

family was ruined by the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of Prague in the See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, and See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• HOLLAR, WENZEL

Hollar, who had been destined for the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, determined to become an artist . The earliest of his See also:

• WORKS

works that have come down to us are dated 1625 and 1626; they are small plates, and one of them is a copy of a Virgin and See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

Child by See also:

• DURER, ALBRECHT (1471-1528)

Durer, whose See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence upon Hollar's See also:

• WORK

work was always See also:

• GREAT

great . In 1627 he was at See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort, working under See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew See also:

• MERIAN, MATTHEW (1593–1650)

Merian, an etcher and engraver; thence he passed to See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg, and thence, in 1633, to See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne . It was there that he attracted the See also:

• NOTICE

notice of the famous See also:

• AMATEUR (Lat. amator, lover)

amateur See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• ARUNDEL
• ARUNDEL, EARLDOM OF
• ARUNDEL, EARLS OF
• ARUNDEL, THOMAS (1353-1414)

Arundel, then on an See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy to the imperial See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court; and with him Hollar travelled to See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna and Prague, and finally came in 1637 to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, destined to be his See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home for many years . Though he lived in the See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household of See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Arundel, he seems to have worked not exclusively for him, but to have begun that See also:

• SLAVERY

slavery to the publishers which was afterwards the normal See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of his See also:

• LIFE

life . In his first See also:

• YEAR

year in England he made for Stent, the printseller, the magnificent View of See also:

• GREENWICH

Greenwich, nearly a yard See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, and received thirty shillings for the See also:

• PLATE

plate,—perhaps a twentieth See also:

• PART

part of what would now be paid for a single See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good impression . Afterwards we hear of his fixing the See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price of his work at fourpence an See also:

• HOUR

hour, and measuring his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time by a sandglass . The See also:

• CIVIL

Civil War had its effect on his fortunes, but none on his See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry . Lord Arundel See also:

• LEFT

left England in 1642, and Hollar passed into the service of the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, taking with him a wife and two See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children . With other royalist artists, notably Inigo See also:

• JONES
• JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
• JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
• JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
• JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
• JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
• JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
• JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
• JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
• JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
• JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
• JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
• JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
• JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
• JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
• JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)

Jones and See also:

• FAITHORNE, WILLIAM (1626 or 1627-1691)

Faithorne, he stood the long and eventful See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of Basing See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House; and as we have some See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred plates from his See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand dated during the years1643 and 1644 he must have turned his enforced leisure to good purpose . Taken prisoner, he escaped or was released, and joined Lord Arundel at See also:

• ANTWERP
• ANTWERP (Fr. Anvers)

Antwerp, and there he remained eight years, the See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime of his working life, when he produced his finest plates of every See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind, his noblest views, his miraculous " muffs " and " shells," and the superb portrait of the duke of York .

In 1652 he returned to London, and lived for a time with Faithorne the engraver near See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

Bar . During the following years were published many books which he illustrated:—See also:

• OGILBY, JOHN (1600–1676)

Ogilby's See also:

• VIRGIL (PUBLIUS VERGILIUS MARC)
• VIRGIL, POLYDORE (c. 1470-1555)

Virgil and See also:

• HOMER, WINSLOW (1836-191o)

Homer, Stapylton's See also:

• JUVENAL (DECIMUS JUNIUS JUVENALIS) (c. 60-140)

Juvenal, and See also:

• DUGDALE, SIR WILLIAM (16o5-1686)

Dugdale's See also:

• WARWICKSHIRE

Warwickshire, St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's and Monasticon (part i.) . The booksellers continued to impose on the See also:

• SIMPLE

simple-minded foreigner, pretending to decline his work that he might still further reduce the wretched price he charged them . Nor did the Restoration improve his position . The court did nothing for him, and in the great See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague he lost his young son, who, we are told, might have rivalled his See also:

• FATHER

father as an artist . After the great See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire he produced some of his famous " Views of London "; and it may have been the success of these plates which induced the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king to send him, in 1668, to See also:

• TANGIER (locally TANJAH)

Tangier, to draw the See also:

• TOWN

town and forts . During his return to England occurred the desperate and successful engagement fought by his See also:

• SHIP

ship the " See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

Rose," under See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain Kempthorne, against seven Algerine men-of-war,--a brilliant affair which Hollar etched for Ogilby's See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . He lived eight years after his return, still working for the booksellers, and retaining to the end his wonderful See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers; See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness the large plate of See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh (dated 167o), one of the greatest of his works . He died in extreme poverty, his last recorded words being a See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request to the bailiffs that they would not carry away the See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed on which he was dying . Hollar's variety was boundless; his plates number some 2740, and include views, portraits, See also:

• SHIPS

ships, religious subjects, heraldic subjects, landscapes, and still life in a hundred different forms . No one that ever lived has been able to represent See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur, or shells, or a butterfly's wing as he has done . His architectural drawings, such as those of Antwerp and Strassburg cathedrals, and his views of towns, are mathematically exact, but they are pictures as well .

He could reproduce the decorative works of other artists quite faultlessly, as in the famous See also:

• CHALICE (through a central O. Fr. form of the Lat. calix, calicis, cup)

chalice after See also:

• MANTEGNA, ANDREA (1431–1506)

Mantegna's See also:

• DRAWING

drawing . His Theatrum mulierum and similar collections reproduce for us with literal truth the outward aspects of the See also:

• PEOPLE

people of his See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day; and his portraits, a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of See also:

• ART

art in which he has been unfairly disparaged, are of extraordinary refinement and See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . Almost See also:

• COMPLETE

complete collections of Hollar's works exist in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum and in the library at See also:

• WINDSOR
• WINDSOR (properly NEw WINDSOR)

Windsor See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle . Two admirable catalogues of his plates have been made, one in 1745 (2nd ed . 1759) by See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• VERTUE, GEORGE (1684-1756)

Vertue, and one in 1853 by Parthey . The latter, published at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, is a See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model of See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German thoroughness and accuracy .