HOLZTROMPETE (Wooden

See also:

• TRUMPET (Fr. trompette, clairon; Ger. ,Trompete, Klarino, Trummet; Ital. tromba, trombetta, clarino)
• TRUMPET, SPEAKING AND HEARING

Trumpet)  , an instrument some-what resembling the Alpenhorn (q.v.) in tone-quality, designed by Richard Wagner for representing the natural pipe of the peasant in Tristan and Isolde . This instrument is not unlike the cor anglais in rough outline, being a conical tube of approximately the same length, terminating in a small globular bell, but having neither holes nor keys; it is blown through a cup-shaped mouthpiece made of horn . The Holztrompete is inthe key of C; the scale is produced by overblowing, whereby the upper partials from the 2nd to the 6th are produced . A single piston placed at a third of the distance from the mouth-piece to the bell gives the notes D and F . Wagner inserted a note in the score concerning the cor anglais for which the part =rl was originally scored, and advised 3 a i s 6 the use of oboe or clarinet to Harmonic Series . reinforce the latter, the effect intended being that of a powerful natural instrument, unless a wooden instrument with a natural scale be specially made for the part, which would be preferable . The Holztrompete was used at Munich for the first performance of Tristan and Isolde, and was still in use there in 1897 . At Bayreuth it was also used for the Tristan performances at the festivals of 1886 and 1889, but in 1891 W . Heckel's clarina, an instrument partaking of the nature of both oboe and clarinet, was substituted for the Holztrompete and has been retained ever since, having been found more effective.' (K .