See also:

• HONE (in O. Eng. han, cognate with Swed. hen ; the root appears in Skt. gdna, co to sharpen)
• HONE, NATHANIEL (1718-1784)
• HONE, WILLIAM (1780-1842)

HONE (in O. Eng. han, cognate with Swed. See also:

• HEN

hen ; the See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root appears in Skt. gdna, co to sharpen)  , a variety of finely siliceous See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone employed for whetting or sharpening edge tools, and for abrading See also:

• STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

steel and other hard surfaces . Synonyms are See also:

• HONE (in O. Eng. han, cognate with Swed. hen ; the root appears in Skt. gdna, co to sharpen)
• HONE, NATHANIEL (1718-1784)
• HONE, WILLIAM (1780-1842)

hone-stone, See also:

• WHETSTONE, GEORGE (1544?-1587?)

whetstone, oilstone and sharpening stone . Hones are generally prepared in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat slabs or small pencils or rods, but some are made with the outline of the See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument they are designed to sharpen . Their abrading See also:

• ACTION

action is due to the See also:

• QUARTZ

quartz or See also:

• SILICA

silica which is always See also:

• PRESENT

present in predominating proportion, some kinds consisting of almost pure quartz, while in others the siliceous See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element is very intimately mixed with aluminous or calcareous See also:

• MATTER

matter, forming a See also:

• UNIFORM

uniform compact stone, the extremely See also:

• FINE

fine siliceous particles of which impart a remarkably keen edge to the See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments for the sharpening of which they are applied . In some cases the presence of See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute garnets or See also:

• MAGNETITE

magnetite assists in the cutting action . Hones are used either dry, with See also:

• WATER

water, or with oil, and generally the See also:

• OBJECT

object to be sharpened is See also:

• DRAWN

drawn with See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand pressure backward and forward over the See also:

• SURFACE

surface of the hone; but sometimes the stone is moved over the cutting edge . The coarsest type of stone which can be included among hones is the See also:

• BAT

bat or See also:

• SCYTHE

scythe stone, a porous fine-grained See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone used,-for sharpening scythes and cutters of mowing See also:

• MACHINES

machines, and for other like purposes . Next come the ragstones, which consist of quartzose See also:

• MICA

mica-schist, and give a finer edge than any sandstone . Under the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of oilstones or hones proper the most famous and best-known qualities are the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• RAZOR (O.F. razor, mod. rasoir, from racer, to scrape, rase, Late Lat. rasare, frequentative of radere, to scrape)

razor hone, the See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey oilstone, and the See also:

• ARKANSAS

Arkansas stone . The German razor hone, used, as its name implies, chiefly for razors, is obtained from the See also:

• SLATE (properly CLAY SLATE; in M. Eng. slat or sclat, from O. Fr. esclat, a small piece of wood used as a tile; esclater, to break into pieces, whence modern Fr. eclat, the root being seen also in Ger. schleissen, to split)

slate mountains near Ratisbon, where it forms a yellow vein of from 1 to 18 in. in the See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue slate . It is sawn into thin slabs, and these are cemented to slabs of slate which serve as a support . Turkey oilstone is a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close-grained bluish stone containing from 70 to 75% of silica in a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of very fine See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division, intimately blended with about 20 to 25% of See also:

• CALCITE

calcite .

It is obtained only in small pieces, frequently flawed and not tough, so that the slabs must have a backing of slate or See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood . It is one of the most valuable of all whetstones, abrading the hardest steel, and possessing sufficient compactness to resist the pressure required for sharpening gravers . The stone comes from the interior of See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor, whence it is carried to See also:

• SMYRNA (Ismir)

Smyrna . Of Arkansas stones there are two varieties, both found in the same See also:

• DISTRICT

district, See also:

• GARLAND, JOHN (fl. 1202—1252)

Garland and Saline counties, Arkansas, See also:

• UNITED

United States . The finer See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind, known as Arkansas hone, is obtained in small pieces at the Hot Springs, and the second quality, distinguished as Washita stone, comes from Washita or Ouachita See also:

• RIVER

river . The hones yield on See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

analysis 98% of silica, with small proportions of alumina, potash and soda, and See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere traces of See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime, See also:

• MAGNESIA

magnesia and See also:

• FLUORINE (symbol F, atomic weight 19)

fluorine . They are See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white in See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, extremely hard and keen in grit, and not easily worn down or broken . Geologically the materials are called novaculites, and are supposed to be metamorphosed sandstone silt, chert or See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone resulting from the permeation through the See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of heated alkaline siliceous See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters . The finer kind is employed for fine cutting instruments, and also for polishing steel pivots of See also:

• WATCH (in O. Eng. wcecce, a keeping guard or watching, from wacian, to guard, watch, wacan, to wake)

watch-wheels and similar minute See also:

• WORK

work, the second and coarser quality being used for See also:

• COMMON

common tools . Both varieties are largely exported from the United States in the form of blocks, slips, pencils, rods and wheels . Other honestones are obtained in the United States from New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, New See also:

• HAMPSHIRE (or COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)

Hampshire, See also:

• VERMONT

Vermont, See also:

• OHIO

Ohio (Deerlick stone) and See also:

• INDIANA

Indiana (Hindostan or See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange stone) . Among hones of less importance in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general use may be noted the Charley See also:

• FOREST

Forest stone—or Whittle See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill honestone—a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good substitute for Turkey oilstone; Water of See also:

• AYR

Ayr stone, Scotch stone, or snake stone, a See also:

• PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey carboniferous shale hardened by igneous action, used for tools and for polishing See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble and See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper-plates; Idwal or Welsh oilstone, used for small articles; and cutlers' greenstone from See also:

• SNOWDON (Wyddfa, view-place, Eryri, eagle-place)

Snowdon, very hard and close in texture, used for giving the last edge to lancets .