See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN See also:

• HOPKINSON, FRANCIS (1737–1791)
• JOHN HOPKINSON (1849-1898)

HOPKINSON (1849-1898)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English engineer and physicist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• MANCHESTER
• MANCHESTER (popularly Manchester-by-the-Sea)
• MANCHESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Manchester on the 27th of See also:

• JULY

July 1849 . Before he was sixteen he attended lectures at See also:

• OWENS, JOHN (1790-1846)

Owens See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, xnd at eighteen he gained a mathematical scholarship at Trinity College, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, where he graduated in 1871 as See also:

• SENIOR, NASSAU WILLIAM (1790-1864)

senior wrangler and first See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith's prizeman, having previously taken the degree of D.Sc. at See also:

• LONDON

London University and won a See also:

• WHITWORTH
• WHITWORTH, SIR JOSEPH

Whitworth See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar-See also:

• SHIP

ship . Although elected a See also:

• FELLOW

fellow and See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor of his college, he stayed up at Cambridge only for a very See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, preferring to learn See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering as a See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil in the See also:

• WORKS

works in which his See also:

• FATHER

father was a partner . But there his stay was equally short, for in 1872 he undertook the duties of engineering manager in the See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass manufactories of Messrs See also:

• CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ")

Chance See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

Brothers and See also:

• COMPANY

Company at See also:

• BIRMINGHAM

Birmingham . Six years later he removed to London, and while continuing to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act as scientific adviser to Messrs Chance, established a most successful practice as a consulting engineer . His See also:

• WORK

work was mainly, though not exclusively, See also:

• ELECTRICAL
• ELECTRICAL (or ELECTROSTATIC) MACHINE

electrical, and his services were in See also:

• GREAT

great demand as an See also:

• EXPERT (Lat. expertus, from experiri, to try)

expert See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness in patent cases . In 18no he was appointed director of the See also:

• SIEMENS, ERNST WERNER VON (1816-1892)
• SIEMENS, SIR WILLIAM [KARL WILHELM] (1823-1883)

Siemens labora- tory at See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King's College, London, with the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of electrical engineering . His See also:

• DEATH

death occurred prematurely on the 27th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1898, when he was killed, together with one son and two daughters, by an See also:

• ACCIDENT
• ACCIDENT (from Lat. accidere, to happen)

accident the nature of which was never precisely ascertained, while climbing the Petite Dentde Veisivi, above Evolena . Dr See also:

• HOPKINSON, FRANCIS (1737–1791)
• HOPKINSON, JOHN (1849-1898)

Hopkinson presented a rare See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of practical with theoretical ability, and his achievements in pure scientific See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research are not less intrinsically notable than the skill with which he applied their results to the See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of See also:

• CONCRETE
• CONCRETE (Lat. concretes, participle of concrescere, to grow together)

concrete engineering problems . His See also:

• ORIGINAL

original work is contained in more than sixty papers, all written with a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete mastery both of See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style and of subject-See also:

• MATTER

matter . His name is best known in connexion with See also:

• ELECTRICITY

electricity and See also:

• MAGNETISM
• MAGNETISM, TERRESTRIAL

magnetism . On the one See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand he worked out the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general theory of the magnetic See also:

• CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit in the See also:

• DYNAMO (a shortened form of " dynamo-electric machine," from Gr. Sbvaµis, power)

dynamo (in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• EDWARD

Edward), and the theory of alternating currents, and conducted a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of observations on the phenomena attending magnetization in See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, See also:

• NICKEL
• NICKEL (symbol Ni, atomic weight 58.68 (0=16))

nickel and the curious See also:

• ALLOYS (through the Fr. aloyer, from Lat. alligare, to combine)

alloys of the two which can exist both in a magnetic and non-magnetic See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state at the same temperature .

On the other hand, by the application of the principles he thus elucidated he furthered to an immense extent the employment of electricity for the purposes of daily See also:

• LIFE

life . As regards the See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation of electric See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy, by pointing out defects of See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design in the dynamo as it existed about 1878, and showing how important improvements were to be effected in its construction, he was largely instrumental in converting it from a clumsy and wasteful appliance into one of the most efficient known to the engineer . Again, as regards the See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution of the current, he took a leading See also:

• PART

part in the development of the three-See also:

• WIRE (A.S. wir, a wire; cf. Swed. vire, to twist, M.H.G. wiere, a gold ornament, Lat. viriae, armlets, ultimately from the root wi, to twist, bind)

wire See also:

• SYSTEM

system and the closed-circuit transformer, while electric See also:

• TRACTION (Lat. trahere, to draw)

traction had to thank him for the series-parallel method of working See also:

• MOTORS, ELECTRIC

motors . During his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence in Birmingham, Messrs Chance being makers of glass for use in lighthouse lamps, his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention was naturally turned to problems of lighthouse See also:

• ILLUMINATION

illumination, and he was able to devise improvements in both the catoptric and dioptric methods for concentrating and directing the See also:

• BEAM
• BEAM (from the O. Eng. beam, cf. Ger. Baum, a tree, to which sense may be referred the use of " beam " as meaning the rood or crucifix, and the survival in certain names of trees, as horn-beam)

beam . He was a strong See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of the See also:

• GROUP

group-flashing system as a means of differentiating See also:

• LIGHTS, CEREMONIAL USE OF

lights, and in-vented an arrangement for carrying it into effect optically, his See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan being first adopted for the catoptric See also:

• LIGHT

light of the Royal See also:

• SOVEREIGN

Sovereign lightship, in the English Channel off Beachy See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

Head . Moreover, his association with glass manufacture led him to study the refractive indices of different kinds of glass ; he further undertook abstruse researches on electrostatic capacity, the phenomena of the residual See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge, and other problems arising out of Clerk See also:

• MAXWELL
• MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK (1831–1879)

Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory . His original papers were collected and published, with a memoir by his son, in 1901 .