See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT ARVID BERNHARD See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• COUNT ARVID BERNHARD HORN (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

HORN (1664-1742)  , See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Vuorentaka in See also:

• FINLAND (Finnish, Suomi or Suomenmaa)

Finland on the 6th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1664, of a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble but indigent See also:

• FAMILY

family . After completing his studies at See also:

• ABO (Finnish Turku)

Abo, he entered the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army and served for several years in the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands, in See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary under See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• EUGENE

Eugene, and in See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders under Waldeck (r69o–1695) . He stood high 3 " Reddle or Red Ochre from the See also:

• FOREST

Forest of See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

Dean in See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester-See also:

• SHIRE

shire is very little inferior to the Sort brought from the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

Island of Ormuz in the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian Gulph and so much valued and used by our Painters under the name of See also:

• INDIAN

Indian Red " (See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill, See also:

• THEOPHRASTUS

Theophrastus's See also:

• HISTORY

History of Stones,, See also:

• LONDON

London, 1774) . in the favour of the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles XII. and was one of his fore-most generals in the earlier See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War . In 1704 he was entrusted with his first See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic See also:

• MISSION

mission, the deposition of See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus II. of See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland and the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of See also:

• STANISLAUS

Stanislaus I., a mission which he accomplished with distinguished ability but See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute unscrupulousness . Shortly afterwards he was besieged by Augustus in See also:

• WARSAW
• WARSAW (Polish Warszawa, Ger. Warschau, Fr. Varsovie)

Warsaw and compelled to surrender . In 1705 he was made a senator, in 1706 a See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count and in 1707 See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Charles XII.'s See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew, the young See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke Charles See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick of See also:

• HOLSTEIN
• HOLSTEIN, FRIEDRICH VON (1837–1909)

Holstein-Gottorp . In 1710 he succeeded Nils Gyldenstolpe as See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister . Transferred to the central point of the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration, he had ample opportunity of regarding with other eyes the situation of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom, and in consequence of his remonstrances he See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell rapidly in the favour of Charles XII . Both in 1710 and 1713 See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

Horn was in favour of summoning the estates, but when in 1714 the See also:

• DIET

diet adopted an See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-monarchical attitude, he gravely warned and ultimately dissolved it . In Charles XII.'s later years Horn had little to do with the administration . After the See also:

• DEATH

death of Charles XII .

(1718) it was Horn who persuaded the princess Ulrica Leonora to relinquish her hereditary claims and submit to be elected See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen of See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden . He protested against the queen's autocratic behaviour, and resigned both the premiership and his senatorship . He was elected landtmarskalk at the diet of 1720,- and contributed, on the resignation of Ulrica Leonora, to the election of Frederick of See also:

• HESSE
• HESSE (Lat. Hessia, Ger. Hessen)

Hesse as See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Sweden, whose first See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act was to restore to him the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of prime minister . For the next eighteen years he so absolutely controlled both the See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign and the domestic affairs of Sweden that the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period between 1720 and 1738 has well been called the Horn period . His services to his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country were indeed inestimable . His strong See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand kept the inevitable strife of the See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary factions within due limits, and it was entirely owing to his provident care that Sweden so rapidly recovered from the wretched See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition in which the See also:

• WARS

wars of Charles XII. had plunged her . In his foreign policy Horn was extremely wary and cautious, yet without compromising either the See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence or the self-respect of his country . He was, however, the See also:

• PROMOTER

promoter of a new principle of administration which in later days proved very dangerous to Sweden under ministers less capable than he was . This was to increase the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the diet and its See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret committees in the See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of purely diplomatic questions, which should have been See also:

• LEFT

left entirely to the executive, thus weakening the central See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government and at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time facilitating the interference of foreign See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

Powers in Sweden's domestic affairs . Not till 1731 was there any See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of opposition in the diet to Horn's " See also:

• SYSTEM

system "; but Horn, piqued by the growing coolness of the king, the same See also:

• YEAR

year offered his resignation, which was not accepted . In 1734, however, the opposition was bold enough to denounce his See also:

• NEUTRALITY

neutrality on the occasion of the war of the See also:

• POLISH

Polish See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

Succession, when Stanislaus I. again appeared upon the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene as a See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate for the Polish See also:

• THRONE

throne; but Horn was still strong enough to prevent a rupture with See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia . Hence-forth he was bitterly but unjustly accused of want of patriotism, and in 1738 was compelled at last to retire before the impetuous onslaught of the triumphant young See also:

• HAT

Hat party .

For the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his See also:

• LIFE

life he lived in retirement at his See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate at Ekebyholm, where he died on the 17th of April 1742 . Horn in many respects greatly resembled his contemporary See also:

• WALPOLE, HORATIO
• WALPOLE, SIR SPENCER (1839-1907)

Walpole . The See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar situation of Sweden, and the circumstances of his time, made his policy necessarily opportunist, but it was an opportunism based on excellent See also:

• COMMON

common sense . See V . E . Svedelius, Arvid See also:

• BERNARD, CHARLES DE
• BERNARD, CLAUDE (1813-1878)
• BERNARD, JACQUES (1658--1718)
• BERNARD, MOUNTAGUE (1S2o—1882)
• BERNARD, SAINT
• BERNARD, SAINT (Iogo-1153)
• BERNARD, SIMON (1779—1839)
• BERNARD, SIR THOMAS, BART

Bernard Horn (See also:

• STOCKHOLM

Stockholm, 1879) ; R . N . See also:

• BAIN, ALEXANDER (1818-1903)
• BAIN, ANDREW GEDDES (1797-1864)

Bain, Gustavus III., vol. i . (London, 1894), and Charles XII . (1895); C . F . Horn, A .

B . Horn: hans lefnad (Stockholm, 1852) . (R . N .