HOUSTON  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county-seat of See also:

• HARRIS, GEORGE, 1ST BARON (1746–1829)
• HARRIS, JAMES (1709-1780)
• HARRIS, JOEL CHANDLER (1848-1908)
• HARRIS, JOHN (c. 1666-1719)
• HARRIS, SIR WILLIAM SNOW
• HARRIS, THOMAS LAKE (1823-1906)
• HARRIS, WILLIAM TORREY (1835-1909)

Harris county, See also:

• TEXAS

Texas, U.S.A., at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of deep-See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation on See also:

• BUFFALO

Buffalo See also:

• BAYOU (pronounced bai-yoo, probably a corruption of Fr. boyau, gut)

Bayou, a tributary of See also:

• GALVESTON

Galveston See also:

• BAY

Bay, 5o M . N.W. of Galveston, and about 325 M . W. of New See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans . Pop . (188o) 16,513; (1890) 27,557; (1900) 44,633, of whom 4415 were See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign-See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born and 14,6o8 were negroes; (29ro See also:

• CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census) 78,800 . The See also:

• LAND

land See also:

• AREA

area in 1906 was 16•o2 sq. m.; in 1908, about 20 sq. m . It is served by the Galveston, See also:

• HARRISBURG

Harrisburg & See also:

• SAN

San See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio (See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern Pacific), the Galveston, Houston & See also:

• HENDERSON
• HENDERSON, ALEXANDER (1583-1646)
• HENDERSON, EBENEZER (1784-1858)
• HENDERSON, GEORGE FRANCIS ROBERT (1854-1903)
• HENDERSON, JOHN (1747-1785)

Henderson, the Gulf, See also:

• COLORADO

Colorado & See also:

• SANTA

Santa Fe, the Houston & Texas Central (Southern Pacific), the Houston, See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East & See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Texas, the See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

International & See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern, the See also:

• MISSOURI

Missouri, See also:

• KANSAS (known as the Sunflower State ")

Kansas & Texas, the San Antonio & Aransas Pass, the Trinity & Brazos Valley, the St See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis, See also:

• BROWNSVILLE

Brownsville & See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico, the Texas & New Orleans, and the Houston See also:

• BELT (a word common to Teutonic languages, the Old Ger. form being bale, from which the Lat. balteus probably derived)
• BELT, THOMAS (1832-1878)

Belt & Terminal See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways, several of which have their headquarters at Houston . The Federal See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government has greatly improved the natural channel from the city to the Gulf of Mexico, straightening, widening and deepening it to a See also:

• DEPTH

depth of 25 ft. for the entire distance from the Galveston jetties to the Houston turning See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin—where the See also:

• MUNICIPALITY

municipality has constructed See also:

• FREE

free municipal wharves . The city occupies an unusually See also:

• FINE

fine site on both sides of the Buffalo Bayou . Among the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal buildings are a See also:

• CARNEGIE
• CARNEGIE, ANDREW (1837– )

Carnegie library, the Houston See also:

• LYCEUM

Lyceum, the Federal See also:

• BUILDING

building, the Masonic See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple, the city high school, the city See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall and See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, the Harris County See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

Court House, the See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

Cotton See also:

• EXCHANGE

Exchange, and the First and Commercial See also:

• NATIONAL

National See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks . Houston is the seat of the Texas Dental See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, of St See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas College (1903), and of the Houston, See also:

• ANNUNCIATION

Annunciation and St See also:

• AGNES, SAINT

Agnes See also:

• ACADEMIES

academies; and the will (1901) of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• MARSH (O. F. mersc, for merisc, a place full of "meres" or pools; cf. Ger. Meer, sea, Lat. mare)
• MARSH, ADAM (ADAM DE MARISCO) (d. c. 1258)
• MARSH, GEORGE PERKINS (1801-1882)
• MARSH, HERBERT (1757–1839)
• MARSH, NARCISSUS (1638-1713)
• MARSH, OTHNIEL CHARLES (1831-1899)

Marsh See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

Rice provided an endowment (valued in 1908 at about $7,000,000) for the William M . Rice See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute for the See also:

• ADVANCEMENT

Advancement of Literature, See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

Science and See also:

• ART

Art, of which Dr See also:

• EDGAR (EADGAR)
• EDGAR, or EADGAR (c. 1050-c. 1130)

Edgar Odell Lovett, formerly See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics (19oo-19o5) and of See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

astronomy (1905-1908) in See also:

• PRINCETON

Princeton University, was made See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president in 1908 .

The city is the most important railway and See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping centre of See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Texas, and has a large See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in cotton (the receipts for the See also:

• YEAR

year ending Aug . 31, 1907 being 2,967,J35 See also:

• BALES [BALESIUS], PETER (1547–1610?)

bales), cotton-See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed oil, See also:

• SUGAR

sugar, rice,l See also:

• LUMBER

lumber and citrus fruits . Houston is important also as a manufacturing centre, its factory product being valued at $13,564,019 in 1905, an increase of 81% over the factory product in 1900 . There are extensive railway See also:

• CAR (Late Lat. carra)

car-shops, cotton-seed oil, See also:

• PETROLEUM (Lat. Petra, rock, and oleuin, oil)

petroleum and sugar refineries, cotton gins and compresses, See also:

• STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

steel See also:

• ROLLING

rolling See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills, car-See also:

• WHEEL (0. Eng. hweol, hweohl, &c., cognate with Icel. hjol, Dan. hiul, the Indo-European root is seen in Sanskrit chakra, Gr. r in Aos, circle, whence " cycle ")
• WHEEL, BREAKING ON THE

wheel factories, See also:

• BOILER

boiler, See also:

• PUMP

pump and See also:

• ENGINE
• ENGINE (Lat. ingenium)

engine See also:

• WORKS

works, See also:

• FLOUR

flour mills, rice mills and a rice elevator, breweries, planing and saw-mills, See also:

• PENCIL (Lat. penicillus, brush, literally little tail)

pencil factories, and See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick and See also:

• TILE (0. Eng. tigel, Fr. tuile, connected with Lat. tegula)

tile factories . Its proximity to the Texas oil See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields gives the city a cheap factory See also:

• FUEL (O. Fr. feuaile, popular Lat. focalia, from focus, hearth, fire)

fuel . The assessed valuation of taxable See also:

• PROPERTY

property in the city increased from $27,480,898 in 'goo to $51,513,615 in 1908 . The No-Tsu Oh See also:

• CARNIVAL (Med. Lat. carnelevarium, from taro, tarns, flesh, and levare, to lighten or put aside; the derivation from valere, to say farewell, is unsupported)

Carnival See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week each See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November is a distinctive feature of the city . Houston, like Galveston, adopted in 1905 a very successful See also:

• SYSTEM

system of municipal government by See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission, a commission of five (one of whom acts as See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor) being elected biennially and having both executive and legislative See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers . The waterworks are owned and operated by the municipality, which greatly improved them from the city's surplus under the first two years of government by commission . In 1908 extensive improvements in paving, drainage and See also:

• SEWERAGE

sewerage were under-taken by the city . The See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of an See also:

• ANNUAL

annual See also:

• POLL

poll-tax of $2.50 is a prerequisite to voting . Houston was settled and laid out in 1836, and was named in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General Sam Houston, whose See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home in See also:

• CAROLINE
• CAROLINE (1683-1737)

Caroline See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street was See also:

• STANDING

standing in 1908 .

In 1837–1839 and in 1842–1845 Houston was the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic of Texas . About 15 m . E.S.E. of the city is the battleground of San Jacinto, which was bought by the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state in 1906 for a public memorial See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

park .