See also:

• HOUSTON
• HOUSTON, SAM, or SAMUEL (1793-1863)

HOUSTON, SAM, or See also:

• SAMUEL

SAMUEL (1793-1863)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general and statesman, of Scotch-Irish descent, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born near See also:

• LEXINGTON
• LEXINGTON, BARON

Lexington, See also:

• VIRGINIA
• VIRGINIA, or VERGINIA
• VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Virginia, on the 2nd of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1793 . His See also:

• FATHER

father, who had fought in the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence, died in 1806, and soon afterward See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel removed with his See also:

• MOTHER

mother to the frontier in See also:

• BLOUNT (or BLUNT), EDWARD (b. 1565?)
• BLOUNT, CHARLES (1654-1693)
• BLOUNT, SIR THOMAS POPE (1649-1697)
• BLOUNT, THOMAS (1618-1679)
• BLOUNT, WILLIAM (1749-1800)

Blount See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, See also:

• TENNESSEE

Tennessee . When he was about fifteen his See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers obtained for him a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place as clerk in a trader's See also:

• STORE (from O. Fr. estor or estoire, Late Lat. staurum or instaurum, stock, provisions, supply, from the late use of instaurare, to provide, properly to construct, renew, restore)

store, but he ran away and lived with the See also:

• CHEROKEE
• CHEROKEE (native Tsalagi, " cave people ")

Cherokee See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians of See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Tennessee for nearly three years . On his return he opened a See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country school, and later attended a session or two of the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy at Maryville . During the War of 1812 he served under See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• JACKSON
• JACKSON, ANDREW (1767-1845)
• JACKSON, CYRIL (1746-1819)
• JACKSON, FREDERICK GEORGE (186o– )
• JACKSON, HELEN MARIA (1831–1885)
• JACKSON, MASON (c. 1820-1903)
• JACKSON, THOMAS (1579-1640)
• JACKSON, THOMAS JONATHAN (1824-1863)
• JACKSON, WILLIAM (1730-1803)

Jackson against the See also:

• CREEK
• CREEK (Mid. Eng. crike or creke, common to many N. European languages)

Creek Indians, and his bravery at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Tohopeka, in which he was disabled by several wounds, won promotion to a lieutenancy . In 1817 he was appointed sub-See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent in managing the business See also:

• RELATING

relating to the removal of the Cherokees from East Tennessee to a See also:

• RESERVATION (Lat. reservare, to keep back)

reservation in what is now See also:

• ARKANSAS

Arkansas, but he was offended at a rebuke from See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John C . See also:

• CALHOUN, JOHN CALDWELL (1782-185o)

Calhoun, then secretary of war, for appearing before him in See also:

• INDIAN

Indian garments, as well as at an inquiry into charges affecting his See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official integrity, and he resigned in 1818 . He entered a See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office in See also:

• NASHVILLE

Nashville, and was admitted to the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar, and was soon elected a See also:

• DISTRICT

district See also:

• ATTORNEY (from O. Fr. atorne, a person appointed to act for another, from atourner, legal Lat. attornare, attorn, literally to turn over to another or commit business to another)

attorney . From .1823 to 1827 See also:

• HOUSTON
• HOUSTON, SAM, or SAMUEL (1793-1863)

Houston represented the ninth district of Tennessee in See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress, and in 1827 was elected See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state by the Jackson Democrats . He married Eliza See also:

• ALLEN, BOG OF
• ALLEN, ETHAN (1739–1789)
• ALLEN, GRANT CHARLES GRANT BLAIRFINDIEI, (1848–1899)
• ALLEN, JAMES LANE (1850– )
• ALLEN, JOHN (1476–1534)
• ALLEN, or ALLEYN, THOMAS (1542-1632)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM (1532-1594)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM FRANCIS (183o-1889)

Allen in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1829; his wife See also:

• LEFT

left him three months later, and he resigned his office of governor, again took up his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence among the Cherokees, who were at this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time about to remove to Indian Territory, and was formally adopted a member of their nation . In 183o and again in 1832 he visited See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington to expose the frauds practised upon the Cherokees by See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government agents, and attracted See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention by an encounter on the 13th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1832 with See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Stanberry, a Congressman from See also:

• OHIO

Ohio, who intimated that Houston himself was seeking to defraud them . Commissioned by See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

President Jackson, Houston went to See also:

• TEXAS

Texas in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1832 to negotiate See also:

• TREATIES

treaties with the Indian tribes there for the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of American traders on the border .

He decided to remain in Texas, and was elected a delegate to the constitutional See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

convention which met at See also:

• SAN

San Felipe on the 1st of April 1833 to draw up a memorial to the Mexican Congress asking for the separation of Texas from See also:

• COAHUILA

Coahuila, in which the See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-American party was in See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control, as well as to See also:

• FRAME

frame a constitution for the See also:

• COMMONWEALTH

commonwealth as a new member of the Mexican See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic, and he served as chairman of the drafting See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee, and took a prominent See also:

• PART

part in the preparations for war when next See also:

• YEAR

year the See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition wos refused . In See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1835, soon after the outbreak of the War for Texan Independence, the committees of the township of Nacogdoches See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose Houston as commanderin-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the forces in eastern Texas, and after the San Felipe convention in See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November he was chosen See also:

• COMMANDER

commander-in-chief of the Texan See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . On the 21st of April 1836, while in command of 743 raw troops, he met on the See also:

• BANK

bank of the San Jacinto about 1600 Mexican veterans led by See also:

• SANTA

Santa See also:

• ANNA
• ANNA (Hindustani ana)
• ANNA, BALDASARRE

Anna and completely routed them; on the next See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day Santa Anna was taken prisoner . Texan independence was won by this victory (although the Mex, ican government repudiated the treaty negotiated by Santa Anna), and Houston was elected president of Texas (1st of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September) and was inaugurated on the 22nd of October . His See also:

• TERM

term expired in December 1838; he was elected again in 1841 and served until 1844 . During his first term a newly founded See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city was named in his See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour and this was the seat of government in 1837-39 and in 1842-45 . Texas having been admitted as a state of the American See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union in 1845, Houston was elected one of its first two See also:

• UNITED

United States senators . He served as a stalwart Union Democrat from March 1846 until 1859; he opposed the See also:

• KANSAS (known as the Sunflower State ")

Kansas-See also:

• NEBRASKA

Nebraska See also:

• BILL

bill in an able speech (3rd March 1854), and spoke frequently in See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the rights of the Indians . In 1859 he was elected governor of Texas and tried to prevent the See also:

• SECESSION

secession of his state; upon his refusal, in March 1861, to swear See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance to the Confederacy he was declared deposed . He died at See also:

• HUNTSVILLE

Huntsville, Texas, on the 26th of See also:

• JULY

July 1863 . Houston was an able soldier, wary, intrepid and resolute; and was a legislator of rare fore-sight, cool discrimination and fearless candour . See A .

M . See also:

• WILLIAMS
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1582-1650)
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1796-1839)
• WILLIAMS, ROGER (c. 1604–1684)
• WILLIAMS, ROWLAND (1817-1870)
• WILLIAMS, SIR WILLIAM FENWICK

Williams, Sam Houston and the War of Independence in Texas (See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston, 1893) ; See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• BRUCE
• BRUCE, ALEXANDER BALMAIN (1831-1899)
• BRUCE, JAMES (1930-1794)
• BRUCE, MICHAEL (1746-1767)

Bruce, See also:

• LIFE

Life of General Houston (New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, 1891); and W . C . See also:

• CRANE (in Dutch, Kraan; O. Ger. Kraen; cognate, as also the Lat. grus, and consequently the Fr. grue and Span. grulla, with the Gr. dpavos)
• CRANE, STEPHEN (1870-1900)
• CRANE, WALTER (1845– )
• CRANE, WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )

Crane, Life and Select See also:

• LITERARY

Literary Re-mains of Sam Houston (See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia, 1884) .