See also:

• OLIVER, ISAAC (c. 1566--1617)
• OLIVER, PETER (1594-1648)

OLIVER See also:

• OTIS, HARRISON GRAY (1765-1848)
• OTIS, JAMES (1725–1783)

OTIS See also:

• HOWARD (FAMILY)
• HOWARD, CATHERINE (d. 1542)
• HOWARD, JOHN (1726-1790)
• HOWARD, LORD WILLIAM (1563–1640)
• OLIVER OTIS HOWARD (1830-19o9)
• HOWARD, SIR ROBERT (1626–1698)

HOWARD (1830-19o9)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American soldier, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• LEEDS
• LEEDS, THOMAS OSBORNE

Leeds, See also:

• MAINE
• MAINE, ANNE LOUISE BENEDICTE DE BOURBON
• MAINE, SIR HENRY JAMES SUMNER (1822–1888)

Maine, on the 8th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 183o . He graduated at See also:

• BOWDOIN, JAMES (1726—1790)

Bowdoin See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College in 185o, and at the U.S . Milirazy See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy in 1854 . In 185.7 he served in See also:

• FLORIDA

Florida against the See also:

• SEMINOLE
• SEMINOLE (properly Simanoli, " renegade," " runaway," in allusion to their secession from the Creek confederacy)

Seminole See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians, and from 1857 to 1861 he was assistant See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics at See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Point . At the beginning of the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War he resigned to become See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel of the 3rd Maine volunteer See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment, and at the first See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

Bull Run was in command of a See also:

• BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade . In See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September he was promoted brigadier-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of See also:

• VOLUNTEERS

volunteers . He served in the See also:

• PENINSULAR

Peninsular See also:

• CAMPAIGN

Campaign, and at the battle of Seven Pines (See also:

• FAIR

Fair . Oaks) he was twice wounded, losing his right See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm . On his return to active service in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1862 he took See also:

• PART

part in the Virginian See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns of 1862–63; at II See also:

• ANTIETAM

Antietam he succeeded See also:

• SEDGWICK, ADAM (1785-1873)
• SEDGWICK, JOHN (1813–1864)

Sedgwick in command of a See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division, and he became See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major-general of volunteers in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1863 . In the campaign of See also:

• CHANCELLORSVILLE

Chancellorsville (see See also:

• WILDERNESS

WILDERNESS) he commanded the XL See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps; which was routed by "Stonewall" See also:

• JACKSON
• JACKSON, ANDREW (1767-1845)
• JACKSON, CYRIL (1746-1819)
• JACKSON, FREDERICK GEORGE (186o– )
• JACKSON, HELEN MARIA (1831–1885)
• JACKSON, MASON (c. 1820-1903)
• JACKSON, THOMAS (1579-1640)
• JACKSON, THOMAS JONATHAN (1824-1863)
• JACKSON, WILLIAM (1730-1803)

Jackson, and in the first See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day's battle at See also:

• GETTYSBURG

Gettysburg he was for some See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours (succeeding See also:

• DOUBLEDAY, ABNER (1819–1893)
• DOUBLEDAY, THOMAS (1790–1870)

Doubleday after See also:

• REYNOLDS, JOHN FULTON (182o-1863)
• REYNOLDS, SIR JOSHUA (1723-1792)
• REYNOLDS, WALTER (d. 1327)

Reynolds's See also:

• DEATH

death) in command of the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union troops . The XI. corps was transferred to See also:

• TENNESSEE

Tennessee after See also:

• ROSECRANS, WILLIAM STARKE (1819-1898)

Rosecrans's defeat at Chickamauga, and formed part of See also:

• HOOKER, JOSEPH (1814–1879)
• HOOKER, RICHARD (1553-1600)
• HOOKER, SIR JOSEPH DALTON (1817— English botanist and traveller, second son of the famous botanist Sir W.J.Hooker, was born on the 3oth of June 1817, at Halesworth, Suffolk. He was educated at Glasgow University, and almost immediately after taking his M.
• HOOKER, SIR WILLIAM JACKSON (1785–1865)
• HOOKER, THOMAS (1586–1647)

Hooker's command in the See also:

• GREAT

great victory of See also:

• CHATTANOOGA

Chattanooga . When See also:

• SHERMAN
• SHERMAN, JOHN (x823-1900)
• SHERMAN, ROGER (1721–1793)

Sherman prepared to invade See also:

• GEORGIA

Georgia in the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1864 the XI. corps was merged with the XII. into the new XX., commanded by Hooker, and See also:

• HOWARD (FAMILY)
• HOWARD, CATHERINE (d. 1542)
• HOWARD, JOHN (1726-1790)
• HOWARD, LORD WILLIAM (1563–1640)
• HOWARD, OLIVER OTIS (1830-19o9)
• HOWARD, SIR ROBERT (1626–1698)

Howard was then placed in command of the new IV, corps, which he led in all the actions of the See also:

• ATLANTA

Atlanta campaign, receiving another See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound at Pickett's See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

Mills .

On the death in See also:

• ACTION

action of General M`Pherson, Toward, in See also:

• JULY

July 1864, was selected to cornmand the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

Army of the Tennessee .. In this position he took part in the " March to the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea " and the Carolinas campaign . In March 1865 he was breveted major-general U.S'.A . " for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of See also:

• EZRA (from a Hebrew word meaning " help ")
• EZRA, FOURTH BOOK (or APOCALYPSE) OF
• EZRA, THIRD BOOK OF [I Esdras]

Ezra See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church and during the campaign against Atlanta," and in 1893 received a Congressional See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour for bravery at Fair Oaks . After the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace he served as See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner of the See also:

• BUREAU (a Fr. word from burel or bureau, a coarse cloth used for coverings)

Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands from 1865 until 1874; in 1872 he was See also:

• SPECIAL

special commissioner to the hostile Apaches of New See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico and See also:

• ARIZONA (from the Spanish-Indian Arizonac, of unknown meaning,—possibly " few springs,"-the name of an 18th-century mining camp in the Santa Cruz valley, just S. of the present border of Arizona)

Arizona; in 1874–1881 was in command of the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

Department of the See also:

• COLUMBIA

Columbia and conducted the campaign against See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

Chief See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph in 1877 and that against the Bannocks and Piutes in 1878 . In 1881–1882 he was See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent of West Point; and in 1882-1886 he commanded the Department of the See also:

• PLATTE (so named, from the• French, because of its shallowness), or NEBRASKA

Platte, in 1886–1888 the Department of the Pacific, and in 1888–1894 the Department of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East . In 1886 he was promoted major-general and in 1894 he retired . He died at See also:

• BURLINGTON

Burlington, See also:

• VERMONT

Vermont, on the 26th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1909 . Howard was deeply interested in the welfare of the negroes; and the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment by the U.S . See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

Government in 1867 of Howard University, at See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington, especially for their See also:

• EDUCATION

education, was largely due to him; it was named in his honour, and from 1869 to 1873 he presided over it . In 1895 he founded for the education of the " See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain whites " the See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln Memorial University at See also:

• CUMBERLAND
• CUMBERLAND, DUKES AND EARLS OF
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1632-1718)
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1732-1811)
• CUMBERLAND, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS

Cumberland See also:

• GAP

Gap, Tenn . (see CUMBERLAND MOUNTAINS), and became See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of its See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board .

He held honorary degrees of various See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities, and was a See also:

• CHEVALIER, ALBERT (1861– )
• CHEVALIER, MICHEL (1806-1879)
• CHEVALIER, ULYSSE (1841– )

chevalier of the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion of Honour . He wrote, amongst other See also:

• WORKS

works, Donald's Schooldays (1877); Chief Joseph (1881); a See also:

• LIFE

life of General Zachary See also:

• TAYLOR
• TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
• TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
• TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
• TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
• TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
• TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
• TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
• TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
• TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
• TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
• TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
• TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
• TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
• TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)

Taylor (1892) in the " Great Commanders " See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series; See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella of See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile (1894); Fighting for Humanity (1898) ; See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry in the War (1898) ; papers in the " Battles and Leaders " collection on the Atlanta campaign; My Life and Experience among our Hostile Indians (r907); and Autobiography of O . O . Howard (2 vols., New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, 1907) .