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THOMAS HUGHES (1822-1896)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 861 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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THOMAS See also:HUGHES (1822-1896)  , See also:English lawyer and author, second son of See also:John See also:Hughes of Donnington Priory, editor of The Boscobel Tracts (1830), was See also:born at Uffington, Berks, on the loth of See also:October 1822 . In See also:February 1834 he went to See also:Rugby School, to be under Dr See also:Arnold, a contemporary of his See also:father at See also:Oriel . He See also:rose steadily to the See also:sixth See also:form, where he came into contact with the headmaster whom he afterwards idealized; but he excelled rather in See also:sports than in scholarship, and his school career culminated in a See also:cricket match at See also:Lord's . In 1842 he proceeded to Oriel, See also:Oxford, and graduated B.A. in 1845 . He was called to the See also:bar in 1848, became Q.C. in 1869, a bencher in 1870, and was appointed to a See also:county See also:court judgeship in the See also:Chester See also:district in See also:July 1882 . While at See also:Lincoln's See also:Inn he came under the dominating See also:influence of his See also:life, that of See also:Frederick See also:Denison See also:Maurice . In 1848 he joined the See also:Christian Socialists, under Maurice's banner, among his closest See also:allies being See also:Charles See also:Kingsley . In See also:January 18J4 he was one of the See also:original promoters of the Working Men's See also:College in See also:Great See also:Ormond See also:Street, and whether he was speaking on sanitation, sparring or singing his favourite ditty of " Little Billee," his See also:work there continued one of his See also:chief interests to the end of his life . After Maurice's See also:death he held the principalship of the college . His Manliness of See also:Christ (1879) See also:grew out of a See also:Bible class which he held there . Hughes had been influenced mentally by Arnold, See also:Carlyle, See also:Thackeray, See also:Lowell and Maurice, and had See also:developed into a liberal churchman, extremely religious,with strong socialistic leanings; but the substratum was still and ever the manly See also:country See also:squire of old-fashioned, See also:sport-loving See also:England . In See also:Parliament, where he sat for See also:Lambeth (1865-1868), and for See also:Frome (1868-1874), he reproduced some of the traits of See also:Colonel Newcome .

Hughes was an energetic supporter of the claims of the working classes, and introduced a trades See also:

union See also:Bill which, however, only reached its second See also:reading . Of Mr See also:Gladstone's See also:home See also:rule policy he was an uncompromising opponent . Thrice he visited See also:America and received a warm welcome, less as a propagandist of social reform than as a friend of Lowell and of the See also:North, and an author . In 1879, in a sanguine See also:humour worthy of See also:Mark Tapley, he planned a co-operative See also:settlement, " Rugby," in See also:Tennessee, over which he lost See also:money . In 1848 Hughes had married Frances, niece of See also:Richard See also:Ford, of See also:Spanish Handbook fame . They settled in 1853 at See also:Wimbledon, and there was written his famous See also:story, Tom See also:Brown's School-Days, " by an Old Boy" (dedicated to Mrs Arnold of See also:Fox See also:Howe), which came out in See also:April 1857 . It is probably impossible to depict the schoolboy in his natural See also:state and in a realistic manner; it is extremely difficult to portray him at all in such a way as to See also:interest the adult . Yet this last has certainly been achieved twice in English literature—by See also:Dickens in See also:Nicholas Nickleby, and by Hughes in Tom Brown . In both cases interest is concentrated upon the See also:master, in the first a demon, in the second a demigod . Tom Brown did a great See also:deal to See also:fix the English concept of what a public school should be . Hughes also wrote The Scouring of the See also:White See also:Horse (1859), Tom Brown at Oxford (1861), Religio laici (1868), Life of See also:Alfred the Great (1869) and the Memoir of a See also:Brother . The brother was See also:George Hughes, who was in the See also:main the original " Tom Brown," just as See also:Dean See also:Stanley was in the main the original of " See also:Arthur." Hughes died at See also:Brighton, on 22nd See also:March 1896 .

He was English of the English, a typical broad-churchman, full of " See also:

muscular See also:Christianity," straightforward and unsuspicious to a See also:fault, yet attaching a somewhat exorbitant value to " earnestness "—a favourite expression of See also:Doctor Arnold . (T .

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