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SIR WILLIAM WILSON HUNTER (1840-19oo)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 946 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SIR See also:WILLIAM See also:WILSON See also:HUNTER (1840-19oo)  , See also:British publicist, son of See also:Andrew See also:Galloway See also:Hunter, a See also:Glasgow manufacturer, was See also:born at Glasgow on the 15th of See also:July 184o . He was educated at Glasgow University (B . A . 186o), See also:Paris and See also:Bonn, acquiring a knowledge of Sanscrit, and passing first in the final examination for the See also:Indian See also:Civil Service in 1862 . Posted in the remote See also:district of See also:Birbhum in the See also:lower provinces of See also:Bengal, he began See also:collecting See also:local traditions and records, which formed the materials for his novel and suggestive publication, entitled The See also:Annals of Rural Bengal, a See also:book which did much to stimulate public See also:interest in the details of Indian See also:administration . He also compiled A See also:Comparative See also:Dictionary of the Non-See also:Aryan See also:Languages of See also:India, a glossary of dialects based mainly upon the collections of See also:Brian See also:Houghton See also:Hodgson, which testifies to the See also:industry of the writer but contains much immature philological See also:speculation . In 1872 he brought out two attractive volumes on the See also:province of See also:Orissa and its far-famed See also:temple of Jagannath . In 1869 See also:Lord See also:Mayo asked Hunter to submit a See also:scheme for a comprehensive statistical survey of the Indian See also:empire . The See also:work involved the compilation of a number of local gazetteers, in various stages of progress, and their consolidation in a condensed See also:form upon a single and See also:uniform See also:plan . The conception was worthy of the gigantic projects formed by See also:Arthur See also:Young and See also:Sir See also:John See also:Sinclair at the See also:close of the 18th See also:century, and the fact that it was successfully carried through between 1869 and 1881 was owing mainly to the See also:energy and determination of Hunter . The See also:early See also:period of his undertaking was devoted to a See also:series of See also:tours which took him into every corner of India . He himself undertook the supervision of the statistical accounts of Bengal (20 vols., 1875–1877) and of See also:Assam (2 vols., 1879) .

The various statistical accounts, when completed, comprised no fewer than 128 volumes . The immense task of condensing this See also:

mass of material proceeded concurrently with their compilation, an administrative feat which enabled The Imperial Gazetteer of India to appear in 9 volumes in 1881 (2nd ed., 14 vols., 1885–1887; 3rd ed., 26 vols., including See also:atlas, 1908) . Hunter adopted a transliteration of See also:vernacular See also:place-names, by which means the correct See also:pronunciation is ordinarily indicated; but hardly sufficient See also:allowance was made for old spellings consecrated by See also:history and See also:long usage . Hunter's own See also:article on India was published in 188o as A Brief History of the Indian Peoples, and has been widely translated and utilized in Indian See also:schools . A revised form was issued in 1895, under the See also:title of The Indian Empire: its See also:People, History and Products . In 1882 Hunter, as a member of the See also:governor-See also:general's See also:council, presided over the See also:commission on Indian See also:Education; in 1886 he was elected See also:vice-See also:chancellor of the university of See also:Calcutta . In 1887 he retired from the service, was created K.C.S.I., and settled at Oaken See also:Holt, near See also:Oxford . He arranged with the See also:Clarendon See also:Press to publish a series of Rulers of India, to which he himself contributed volumes on See also:Dalhousie (1890) and Mayo (1892) . He had previously, in 1875, written an See also:official See also:Life of Lord Mayo, in two volumes . He also wrote a weekly article on Indian affairs for The Times . But the See also:great task to which he applied himself on his See also:settlement in See also:England was a history upon a large See also:scale of the British Dominion in India, two volumes of which only had appeared when he died, carrying the reader barely down to 1700 . He was much hindered by the confused'See also:state of his materials, a portion of which he arranged and published in 1894 as Bengal See also:Manuscript Records, in three volumes .

A delightful See also:

story, The Old Missionary (1895), and The Thackerays in India (1897), a gossipy See also:volume which appeals to all readers of The Newcomes, may be regarded as the relaxations of an Anglo-Indian amid the stress of severer studies . In the See also:winter of 1898-1899, in consequence of the fatigue incurred in a See also:journey to the See also:Caspian and back, on a visit to the sick-See also:bed of one of his two sons, Hunter was stricken down by a severe attack of See also:influenza, which affected his See also:heart . He died at Oaken Holt on the 6th of See also:February 1900 .

End of Article: SIR WILLIAM WILSON HUNTER (1840-19oo)
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