See also:

• HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " See also:

• HUNT, ALFRED WILLIAM (183o-1896)
• HUNT, HENRY (1i73-1835)
• HUNT, HENRY JACKSON (1819-1889)
• HUNT, JAMES HENRY LEIGH (1784-1859)
• HUNT, ROBERT (1807-1887)
• HUNT, THOMAS STERRY (1826-1892)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HENRY (1790—1864)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HOLMAN (1827-1910)
• HUNT, WILLIAM MORRIS (1824-1879)

hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic hinpan, to See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture, O.H.G. hunda,See also:

• BOOTY (apparently influenced by " boot," O. Eng. bot, ad-vantage or profit, through an adaptation from an earlier form cognate with Ger. Beute and Fr. butin)

booty)  , the pursuit of See also:

• GAME

game and See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild animals, for profit or See also:

• SPORT (a contracted or shortened form of "disport," to amuse, divert oneself, O. Fr. se dis porter or deporter, to leave off work, hence to play, Lat. dis-, away, and portare, to carry; the origin of the meaning lies in the notion of turning away from ser

sport; See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent to " See also:

• CHASE
• CHASE, SALMON PORTLAND (1808-1873)
• CHASE, SAMUEL (1741–1811)
• CHASE, WILLIAM MERRITT (1849– )

chase " (like " catch," from See also:

• LAT

Lat. captare, Fr. See also:

• CHASSE (Fr. for " chased ")
• CHASSE (from the Fr., in full chasse-cafe, or " coffee-chaser ")

chasse, Ital. caccia) . The circumstances which render necessary 'the habitual pursuit of wild animals, either as a means of subsistence or for self-See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence, generally accompany a phase of human progress distinctly inferior to the See also:

• PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

pastoral and agricultural stages; resorted to as a recreation, however, the practice of the chase in most cases indicates a considerable degree of See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization, and sometimes ultimately be-comes the almost distinctive employment of the classes which are possessed of most leisure and See also:

• WEALTH

wealth . It is in some of its latter aspects, viz. as a " sport," pursued on fixed rules and principles, that See also:

• HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting is dealt with here . See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

Information as to the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field See also:

• SPORTS
• SPORTS, THE BOOK OF

sports of the ancients is in many directions extremely fragmentary . With regard to the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Egyptians, however, we learn that the huntsmen constituted an entire sub-See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the See also:

• GREAT

great second See also:

• CASTE (through the Fr. from Span. and Port. casta, lineage, Lat. cast us, pure)

caste; they either followed the chase on their own See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account, or acted as the attendants of the chiefs in their hunting excursions, taking See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the See also:

• DOGS, ISLE OF

dogs, and securing and bringing See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home the game . The game was sought in the open deserts which border on both sides the valley of the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile; but (by the wealthy) sometimes in enclosed spaces into which the animals had been driven or in preserves . Besides the noose and the See also:

• NET

net, the arrow, the dart and the hunting See also:

• POLE (FAMILY)
• POLE, REGINALD (1500-1558)
• POLE, RICHARD DE LA (d. 1525)
• POLE, WILLIAM (1814—1900)

pole or vena- bulum were frequently employed . The animals chiefly hunted were the gazelle, See also:

• IBEX

ibex, See also:

• ORYX (Gr. opvE, a pickaxe, hence applied to the animal)

oryx, See also:

• STAG (0. Eng. stagga, a Norse word, cf. Icel. steggr, steggi, a male animal, cf. Steggander, a drake; it is usually referred to stigan, to climb, to mount, but this is doubtful)

stag, wild ox, wild See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep, See also:

• HARE
• HARE, SIR JOHN (1844– )

hare and See also:

• PORCUPINE (Fr., pore-epic, " spiny pig ")

porcupine; also the See also:

• OSTRICH

ostrich for its plumes, and the See also:

• FOX
• FOX, C
• FOX, CHARLES JAMES (1749-1806)
• FOX, EDWARD (c. 1496-1538)
• FOX, GEORGE (1624-1691)
• FOX, RICHARD (c. 1448-1528)
• FOX, ROBERT WERE (1789—1877)
• FOX, SIR STEPHEN (1627–1716)
• FOX, SIR WILLIAM (1812-1893)

fox, See also:

• JACKAL
• JACKAL (Turk. chakal)

jackal, See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

wolf, hyaena and See also:

• LEOPARD

leopard for their skins, or as enemies of the See also:

• FARM

farm-yard . The See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

lion was occasionally trained as a hunting See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal instead of the See also:

• DOG

dog . The sportsman appears, occasionally at least, in the later periods, to have gone to See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover in his See also:

• CHARIOT (derived from an O. Fr. word, formed from char, a car)

chariot or on horseback; according to See also:

• WILKINSON, JAMES (1757–1825)
• WILKINSON, JAMES JOHN GARTH (1812-1899)
• WILKINSON, JOHN (1728-1808)
• WILKINSON, SIR JOHN GARDNER (1797—1875)
• WILKINSON, TATE (1739—1803)

Wilkinson, when the dogs threw off in a level See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain of great extent, it was even usual for him "to remain in his chariot, and, urging his horses to their full See also:

• SPEED, JOHN (1552–1629)

speed, endeavour to turn or intercept them as they doubled, discharging a well-directed arrow whenever they came within its range."' The partiality for the chase which the ancient Egyptians mani- fested was shared by the Assyrians and Babylonians, as is shown by the frequency with which hunting scenes are depicted on the See also:

• GALLS

galls of their temples and palaces; it is even said that their 1 See on this whole subject ch. viii. of Wilkinson's Ancient Egyptians (ii . 78-92, ed . See also:

• BIRCH
• BIRCH (Betula)
• BIRCH, SAMUEL (1813–1885)
• BIRCH, THOMAS (1705-1766)

Birch, 1878).dresses and See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture were ornamented with similar subjects.2 The game pursued included the lion, the wild See also:

• ASS (O.E. assa; Lat. asinus)
• ASS, FEAST OF THE

ass, the gazelle and the hare, and the implements chiefly employed seem to have been the See also:

• JAVELIN

javelin and the See also:

• BOW (pronounced " bo ")

bow .

There are indications that hawking was also known . The See also:

• ASSYRIAN

Assyrian See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings also maintained magnificent parks, or " paradises," in which game of every See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind was enclosed; and perhaps it was from them that the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian sovereigns borrowed the practice mentioned both by See also:

• XENOPHON

Xenophon in the Gyropaedia and by See also:

• CURTIUS, ERNST (1814-1896)
• CURTIUS, MARCUS

Curtius . According to See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus, See also:

• CYRUS
• CYRUS (Gr. KDpos; Pers. Kuru-sh; Babyl. Kurash; Hebr. Koresh)

Cyrus devoted the See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue of four great towns to meet the expenses of his hunting establishments . The circumstances under which the See also:

• DEATH

death of the son of See also:

• CROESUS

Croesus is by the same writer (i . 34-45) related to have occurred, incidentally show in what high estimation the recreation of hunting was held in See also:

• LYDIA

Lydia . In See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine game has always been plentiful, and the Biblical indications that it was much sought and duly appreciated are numerous . As means of See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture, nets, traps, snares and pitfalls are most frequently alluded to; but the arrow (Isa. vii . 24), the See also:

• SPEAR (O. Eng. spere, O. H. Ger. sper, mod. Ger. speer, &c., cf. Lat. sparrs; probably related to " spar, " a beam)

spear and the dart (See also:

• JOB

Job. xli . 26-29) are also mentioned . There is no See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence that the use of the dog (Jos . See also:

• ANT
• ANT (O. Eng. aemete, from Teutonic a, privative, and maitan, cut or bite off, i.e. " the biter off "; aemete in Middle English became differentiated in dialect use to (mete, then amte, and so ant, and also to emete, whence the synonym " emmet," now only u

Ant. iv . 8, ro, not-withstanding) or of the See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse in hunting was known among the See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews during the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period covered by the Old Testament See also:

• HISTORY

history; See also:

• HEROD
• HEROD (surnamed THE GREAT)

Herod, however, was a keen and successful sportsman, and is recorded by See also:

• JOSEPHUS, FLAVIUS (c. 37-C. 95?)

Josephus (B.J. i .

21, 13, compare Ant. xv . 7, 7; xvi . 10, 3) to have killed no fewer than See also:

• FORTY

forty See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of game (See also:

• BOAR (0. Eng. bar; the word is found only in W. Ger. languages, cf. Dutch beer, Ger. Eber)

boar, wild ass, See also:

• DEER (O. E. rigor, dfor, a common Teutonic word, meaning a wild animal, cf. Ger. Tier, Du. dier, &c., probably from a root dhus-, to breathe)
• DEER, CHINESE

deer) in one See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . The sporting tastes of the ancient Greeks, as may be gathered from many references in See also:

• HOMER, WINSLOW (1836-191o)

Homer (Il. ix . 538-545; Od. ix . 120, xvii . 295, 316, xix . 429 seq.), had See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed at a very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early period; they first found adequate See also:

• LITERARY

literary expression in the See also:

• WORK

work of Xenophon entitled Cynegeticus,3 which expounds his principles and embodies his experience in his favourite See also:

• ART

art of hunting . The See also:

• TREATISE

treatise chiefly deals with the capture of the hare; in the author's day the approved method was to find the hare in her See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form by the use of dogs; when found she was either driven into nets previously set in her runs or else run down in the open . Boar-hunting is also described; it was effected by nets into which the animal was pursued, and in which when fairly entangled he was speared . The stag, according to the same work, was taken by means of a kind of wooden See also:

• TRAP (0. Eng. treppe or traepee, properly a step, as that or which an animal places its foot and is caught, cf. Ger. Treppe flight of stairs)

trap (2roSovrpaf3rl), which attached itself to the See also:

• FOOT

foot . Lions, leopards, lynxes, panthers and bears are also specially mentioned among the large game; sometimes they were taken in pitfalls, sometimes speared by mounted horsemen .

As a writer on field sports Xenophon was followed by See also:

• ARRIAN (FLAvrus ARRIANUS)

Arrian, who in his Cynegeticus, in avowed dependence on his predecessor, seeks to supplement such deficiencies in the earlier treatise as arose from its author's unacquaintance with the dogs of See also:

• GAUL
• GAUL, GILBERT WILLIAM (1855— )

Gaul and the horses of See also:

• SCYTHIA (Gr. EKuOia)

Scythia and See also:

• LIBYA

Libya . Four books of Cynegetica, extending to about 2100 hexameters, by See also:

• OPPIAN (Gr. 'Oaacavos)

Oppian have also been preserved; the last of these is incomplete, and it is probable that a fifth at one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time existed . The poem contains some See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good descriptive passages, as well as some very curious indications of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of zoological knowledge in the author's time . Hunting scenes are frequently represented in ancient See also:

• WORKS

works of art, especially the boar-See also:

• HUNT, ALFRED WILLIAM (183o-1896)
• HUNT, HENRY (1i73-1835)
• HUNT, HENRY JACKSON (1819-1889)
• HUNT, JAMES HENRY LEIGH (1784-1859)
• HUNT, ROBERT (1807-1887)
• HUNT, THOMAS STERRY (1826-1892)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HENRY (1790—1864)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HOLMAN (1827-1910)
• HUNT, WILLIAM MORRIS (1824-1879)

hunt, and also that of the hare . In See also:

• ROMAN

Roman literature allusions to the pleasures of the chase (wild ass, boar, hare, See also:

• FALLOW

fallow deer being specially mentioned as favourite game) are not wanting (Virg . Georg. iii . 409-413; See also:

• EEL

Eel. iii . 75; See also:

• HOR, MOUNT (nirt)

Hor . Od. i . 1, 25-28); it seems to have been viewed; however, with less favour as an occupation for gentlemen, and to have been chiefly See also:

• LEFT

left to inferiors and professionals . The immense vivaria or theriotropheia, in which various wild animals, such as boars, stags and See also:

• ROE (or Row), SIR THOMAS (c. 1581—1644)
• ROE, EDWARD PAYSON (1838-1888)

roe-deer, were kept in a state of semi-domestication, were developments which arose at a comparatively See also:

• LATE

late period; as also were the venationes in the See also:

• CIRCUS (Lat. circus, Gr. Kipeos or Kptxot, a ring or' circle; probably " circus " and " ring " are of the same origin)

circus, although these are mentioned as having been known as early as r86 B.C . The bald and meagre poem of Grattius Faliscus on hunting (Cynegetica) is modelled upon Xenophon's See also:

• PROSE

prose work; a still extant fragment (315 lines) of a similar poem with the same See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title, of much later date, by Nem.esianus, seems to have at one 2 See See also:

• LAYARD, SIR AUSTEN HENRY (1817-1894)

Layard (See also:

• NINEVEH (Heb. m}'?, in classical authors Nivos, Ninus; LXX. Ntsetni, Nnveun: Assyrian Nind or Ninua)

Nineveh, ii .

431, 432), who cites Ammian . Marcell. See also:

• XXVI

xxvi . 6, and Athen. xii . 9 . 3 Engl. transl. by See also:

• BLANE, SIR GILBERT (1749-1834)

Blane . Historic Field Sports . time formed the introduction to an extended work corresponding to that of Oppian .. That the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans had borrowed some things in the art of hunting from the Gauls may be inferred from the name canis gallicus (See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish galgo) for a greyhound, which is to be met with both in See also:

• OVID [PUBLIUS OvID1us NASO] (43 B.C.–A.D. 17)

Ovid and See also:

• MARTIAL (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS)

Martial; also in the words (canis) vertragus and segusius, both of See also:

• CELTIC

Celtic origin.' According to See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo (p . 200) the Britons also bred dogs well adapted for hunting purposes . The addiction of the See also:

• FRANKS
• FRANKS, SIR AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON (1826-1897)

Franks in later centuries to the chase is evidenced by the frequency with which not only the laity but also the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy were warned by provincial See also:

• COUNCILS

councils against expending so much of their time and See also:

• MONEY

money on hounds, See also:

• HAWKS, FRANCIS LISTER (1798-1866)

hawks and falcons; and we have similar See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof with regard to the habits of other See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic nations subsequent to the introduction of See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity.' Originally among the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern nations sport was open to every one 3 except to slaves, who were not permitted to See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear arms; the growth of the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of game-preserving kept See also:

• PACE (through O. Fr. pas, from Lat. passus, step, properly the stretch of the leg in walking, from pandere, to stretch)
• PACE, RICHARD (c. 1482-1536)

pace nips the development of See also:

• FEUDALISM
• FEUDALISM (from Late Lat. feodum or feudum, a fee or fiel; see FEE)

feudalism . For its ultimate development in See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain see See also:

• FOREST

FOREST See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

LAW, where also the distinction between }casts of forest or venery, beasts of chase and beasts an.l fowls of See also:

• WARREN
• WARREN, GOUVERNEUR KEMBLE (183o-1882)
• WARREN, JOSEPH (1741—1775)
• WARREN, MERCY (1728—1814)
• WARREN, MINTON (1850-1907)
• WARREN, SAMUEL (1807-1877)
• WARREN, SIR JOHN BORLASE, BART
• WARREN, WILLIAM (1812-1888)

warren is explained . See also GAME See also:

• LAWS

LAWS .

% aferra Hunting.—The See also:

• TERM

term " hunting " has come to be applied specially to the pursuit of such quarries as the stag or fox, or to following an artificially laid See also:

• SCENT

scent, with horse and See also:

• HOUND

hound . It thus corresponds to the Fr. chasse au course, as distinguished from chasse au tir, a l'oiseau, &c., and to the Ger. hetzjagd as distinguished from See also:

• HIRSCH, MAURICE DE, BARON HIRSCH AUF GEREUTH
• HIRSCH, SAMSON RAPHAEL (r8o8-1888)

hirsch . In the following See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article the See also:

• ENGLISH

English practice is mainly considered . Doubtless the early inhabitants of Britain shared to a large extent in the habits of the other Celtic peoples; the fact that they kept good hunting dogs is vouched for by Strabo; and an interesting See also:

• ILLUSTRATION

illustration of the manner in which these were used is given in the inscription quoted by See also:

• ORELLI, HANS KONRAD VON (1846- )
• ORELLI, JOHANN CASPAR VON (1787-1849)

Orelli (n . 1603)—" Silvano Invicto Sacrum—oh aprum eximiae formae captum, quem multi antecessores pracdari non potuerunt." See also:

• ASSER, or ASSERIUS MENEVENSIS (d. c. 910)

Asser, the biographer of See also:

• ALFRED

Alfred the Great, states that before the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince was twelve years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age he " was a most See also:

• EXPERT (Lat. expertus, from experiri, to try)

expert and active See also:

• HUNTER, JOHN (1728-1793)
• HUNTER, ROBERT MERCER TALIAFERRO (r8o9-1887)
• HUNTER, SIR WILLIAM WILSON (1840-19oo)
• HUNTER, WILLIAM (1718–1783)
• HUNTER, WILLIAM ALEXANDER (1844-1898)

hunter, and excelled in all the branches of that See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble art, to which he applied with incessant labour and amazing success." 4 Of his See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson See also:

• ATHELSTAN (c. 894-940)

Athelstan it is related by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William of See also:

• MALMESBURY
• MALMESBURY, JAMES HARRIS, IST EARL OF (1746-1820)
• MALMESBURY, JAMES HOWARD HARRIS, 3RD EARL OF (1807-1889)

Malmesbury that after the victory of Brunanburgh he imposed upon the vanquished See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales a yearly See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute, which included a certain number of " hawks and See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp-scented dogs See also:

• FIT

fit for hunting wild beasts." According to the same authority, one of the greatest delights of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward the See also:

• CONFESSOR

Confessor was " to follow a See also:

• PACK (apparently from the root pak-, paq-, seen in Lat. pangere, to fasten; cf. " compact ")
• PACK, OTTO VON (c. 1480-1537)

pack of See also:

• SWIFT
• SWIFT, JONATHAN (1667—1745)

swift hounds in pursuit of game, and to cheer them with his See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice." It was under the Anglo-Saxon kings that the distinction between the higher and See also:

• LOWER

lower chase first came to be made—the former being expressly for the king or those on whom he had bestowed the See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure of sharing in it, while only the latter was allowed to the proprietors of the See also:

• LAND

land . To the reign of Cnut belong the " Constitutiones de Foresta," according to which four thanes were appointed in every See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province for the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice in all matters connected with the forests; under them were four inferior thanes to whom was committed immediate care of the vert and See also:

• VENISON (pronounced venzon)

venison.' The severity of the forest laws which prevailed during the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman period is sufficient evidence of the sporting ardour of William and his successors . The Conqueror himself " loved the high game as if he were their See also:

• FATHER

father "; and the See also:

• PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty for the unauthorized slaughter of a See also:

• HART, ALBERT BUSHNELL (1854– )
• HART, CHARLES (d. 1683)
• HART, ERNEST ABRAHAM (1835–1898)
• HART, SIR ROBERT
• HART, WILLIAM (1823–1894)

hart or See also:

• HIND

hind was loss of both eyes . Hehn, Kulturpflanzen u . Hausthiere, p . 327 . ' References will be found in See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith's See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary of See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian Antiquities--art. on " Hunting." ` Vita omnis in venationibus . . . consistit," Caes .

B.G., vi . 21 . " Quoties bella non ineunt, multum venatibus, plus per otium transigunt," See also:

• TACITUS, CORNELIUS (c. 55-120)
• TACITUS, MARCUS CLAUDIUS

Tacitus, Germ . 15 . ' See See also:

• STRUTT, JEDEDIAH (1726-1797)

Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, who also gives an illustration, " taken from a manuscriptal See also:

• PAINTING

painting of the 9th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century in the See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

Cotton Library," representing " a Saxon chieftain, attended by his hunts-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man and a couple of hounds, pursuing the wild See also:

• SWINE

swine in a forest." 5 See See also:

• LAPPENBERG

Lappenberg, Hist. of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England under the Anglo-Saxon Kings (ii . 361, See also:

• THORPE [or TnoRP], JOHN (/l. 1570-1618)
• THORPE, BENJAMIN (1782-1870)

Thorpe's trans.) . At an early period stag hunting was a favourite recreation with English See also:

• ROYALTY (0. Fr. realte, reialte, royaulte, from Med. Lat. regalitas, the substantive of regalis, of or belonging to a king, rex)

royalty . It seems probable that in the reign of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VIII. the royal pack of buckhounds was kennelled at Swinley, where, in the reign of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles II . (1684), a stag deer was found that went away to See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• PETRE, SIR EDWARD (1631-1699)
• PETRE, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1505-1572)

Petre's seat in See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex; only five got to the end of this 7o m. run, one being the king's See also:

• BROTHER

brother, the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York . See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George III. was a great stag hunter, and met the royal pack as often as possible . In The Chase of the Wild Red Deer, Mr Collyns says that the earliest See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record of a pack of staghounds in the Exmoor See also:

• DISTRICT

district is in 1598, when See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh Polland, See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth's See also:

• RANGER, HENRY WARD (1858– )

ranger, kept one at Simonsbath . The succeeding rangers of Exmoor forest kept up the pack until some 200 years ago, the hounds subsequently passing into the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of Mr See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter of Stevenstone, an ancestor of the Rolle See also:

• FAMILY

family .

Successive masters continued the sport until 1825, when the See also:

• FINE

fine pack, descended probably from the bloodhound crossed with the old See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern hound, was sold in See also:

• LONDON

London . It is difficult to imagine how the See also:

• DISPERSION
• DISPERSION (from Lat. dispergere, to scatter)

dispersion of such a pack could have come about in such a sporting See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, but in 1827 See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur See also:

• CHICHESTER

Chichester got a pack together again . Stag hunting begins on the 12th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, and ends on the 8th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October; there is then a cessation until the end of the See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month, when the hounds are unkennelled for hind hunting, which continues up to See also:

• CHRISTMAS (i.e. the Mass of Christ)

Christmas; it begins again about Ladyday, and lasts till the loth of May . The mode of hunting with the See also:

• DEVON, EARLS OF

Devon and See also:

• SOMERSET, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SOMERSET, EDMUND BEAUFORT, DUKE OF (c. 1404–1455)
• SOMERSET, EDWARD SEYMOUR, DUKE OF (c. 1506–1552)
• SOMERSET, LORD ROBERT EDWARD HENRY (1776-1842)
• SOMERSET, ROBERT CARR (or KER), EARL OF (e. 1590-1645)

Somerset hounds is briefly this: the whereabouts of a See also:

• WARRANT (Med. Lat. warantum; O. Fr. garant, warant, derived from O.H.G. root represented in modern German bygewdhren)

warrant-able stag is communicated to the See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master by that important functionary the harbourer; two couple of steady hounds called tufters are then thrown into cover, and, having singled out a warrantable deer, follow him until he is forced to make for the open, when the. See also:

• BODY

body of the pack are laid on . Very often two or three See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours elapse before the stag breaks, but a run over the wild country fully atones for the delay . It is only within comparatively See also:

• RECENT

recent times that the fox has come to be considered as an animal of the higher chase . William Twici, indeed, who was See also:

• HUNTSMAN, BENJAMIN (1704-1776)

huntsman-in-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief to Edward IL, and who wrote in Norman See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French a treatise on huFox nting . hunting,' mentions the fox as a beast of venery, but obviously as an altogether inferior See also:

• OBJECT

object of sport . Strutt also gives an See also:

• ENGRAVING

engraving, assigned by him to the 14th century, in which three hunters, one of whom blows a See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

horn, are represented as unearthing a fox, which is pursued by a single hound . The precise date of the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of the first English pack of hounds kept entirely for fox hunting cannot be accurately fixed . In the work of " See also:

• NIMROD (-`s??, -i=s; Septuagint, Nef3pc5£: various reading in Gen. x. 8, Nef3p6av: Vulg. Nemrod)

Nimrod " (C . J .

See also:

• APPERLEY, CHARLES JAMES (1777-1843)

Apperley), entitled The Chase, there is (p . 4) an See also:

• EXTRACT (from Lat. extrahere, to draw out)

extract from a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter from Lord See also:

• ARUNDEL
• ARUNDEL, EARLDOM OF
• ARUNDEL, EARLS OF
• ARUNDEL, THOMAS (1353-1414)

Arundel, dated See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1833, in which the writer says that his ancestor, Lord Arundel, kept a pack of foxhounds between 1690 and 1700, and that they remained in the family till 1782, when they were sold to the celebrated Hugh See also:

• MEYNELL, ALICE CHRISTIANA (1850— )

Meynell, of Quorndon See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, See also:

• LEICESTER
• LEICESTER, EARLS OF
• LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
• LEICESTER, ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF (1563-1626)
• LEICESTER, THOMAS WILLIAM COKE, EARL OF (1754-1842)

Leicester-See also:

• SHIRE

shire . Lord See also:

• WILTON

Wilton again, in his Sports and Pursuits of the English, says that " about the See also:

• YEAR

year 1750 hounds began to be entered solely to fox." The Field of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 6, 1875, p . 512, contains an engraving of a hunting-horn then in the possession of the late master of the See also:

• CHESHIRE

Cheshire hounds, and upon the horn is the inscription:—" See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Boothby, Esq., Tooley See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park, Leicester . With this horn he hunted the first pack of foxhounds then in England fifty-five years . See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

Born 1677 . Died 1752 . Now the See also:

• PROPERTY

property of Thomas d'Avenant, Esq., See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county Salop, his grandson." These extracts do not finally decide the point, because both Mr Boothby's and Lord Arundel's hounds may have hunted other game besides fox, just as in Edward IV.'s time there were " fox dogs " though not kept exclusively for fox . On the whole, it is probable that Lord Wilton's surmise is not far from correct . Since fox hunting first commenced, however, the See also:

• SYSTEM

system of the sport has been much changed . In our great-grandfathers' time the hounds met early, and found the fox by the See also:

• DRAG (from the Old Eng. dragan, to draw; the word preserves the g which phonetically developed into w)

drag, that is, by the See also:

• LINE

line he took to his See also:

• KENNEL

kennel on his return from a foraging expedition . Hunting the 8 Le Art de venerie, translated with See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface and notes by Sir Henry See also:

• DRYDEN, JOHN (1631-1700)

Dryden (1893), new edition by See also:

• MISS

Miss A .

Dryden (1909), including The See also:

• CRAFT (a word common to Teutonic languages for strength, or power; cf. Ger. Kraft)

Craft of Venerie from a 15th-century MS. and a 13th-century poem Le Chasse d'on cep . drag was doubtless a great test of See also:

• NOSE (O.Eng. nosu, cf. Dutch neus, Swed. nos, snout; the Aix in Provence. Both at Aix and at Lyons he acquired great connexion with O.Eng. nasu is obscure, cf. Ger. Nase, Lat. pares, distinction by his labours during outbreaks of the plague. In nostrils,

nose, but many good runs must have been lost thereby, for the fox must often have heard the hounds upwind, and have moved off before they could get on good terms with him . At the See also:

• PRESENT

present day, the woodlands are neither so large nor so numerous as they formerly were, while there are many more gorse covers; therefore, instead of hunting the drag up to it, a much quicker way of getting to work is to find a fox in his kennel; and, the See also:

• HOUR

hour of the See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting being later, the fox is not likely to be gorged with See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food, and so unable to take care of himself at the pace at which the See also:

• MODERN

modern foxhound travels . Cub hunting carried out on a proper principle is one of the secrets of a successful See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season . To the man who cares for hunting, as distinct from See also:

• RIDING

riding, See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September and October are not the least enjoyable months of the whole hunting season . As soon as the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young entry have recovered from the operation of " rounding," arrangements for cub hunting begin . The hounds must have first of all walking, then trotting and fast exercise, so that their feet may be hardened, and all superfluous See also:

• FAT (O.E. fdett; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vet, Ger. Fett, &c., and may be ultimately related to Greek Irian, and =apos, and Sanskrit pivan)

fat worked off by the last See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week in August . So far as the hounds are concerned, the object of cub hunting is to See also:

• TEACH [THATCH OR THACH], EDWARD (d. 1718)

teach them their See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty; it is a See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress See also:

• REHEARSAL (from " rehearse," to say over again, repeat, recount, O.Fr. rehercer, from re, again, and hercer, to harrow, cf. " hearse," the original meaning being to rake or go over the same ground again as with a harrow)

rehearsal of the November business . In ccmpany with a certain proportion of old hounds, the youngsters learn to stick to the scent of a fox, in spite of the fondness they have acquired for that of a hare, from See also:

• RUNNING

running about when at walk . When tubbing begins, a start is made at 4 or 5 A.M., and then the system is adopted of tracking the cub by his drag . A certain amount of See also:

• BLOOD

blood is of course indispensable for hounds, but it should never be forgotten that a fox cub of seven or eight months old, though tolerably cunning, is not so very strong; the huntsman should not, therefore, be over-eager in bringing to See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand every cub he can find . Hare hunting, which must not be confounded with See also:

• COURSING (from Lat. cursus, currere, to run)

Coursing (q.v.), is an excellent school both for men and for horses .

It is Hareattended with the advantages of being cheaper than any other kind, and of not needing so large an See also:

• AREA

area of country . Hare hunting requires considerable skill; See also:

• BECKFORD, WILLIAM (1760–1844)

Beckford even goes so far as to say: " There is more of true hunting with harriers than with any other description of hounds . . . . In the first See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, a hare, when found, generally describes a circle in her course which naturally brings her upon her See also:

• FOIL

foil, which is the greatest trial for hounds . Secondly, the scent of the hare is weaker than that of any other animal we hunt, and, unlike some, it is always the worse the nearer she is to her end." Hare hunting is essentially a quiet amusement; no hallooing at hounds nor See also:

• WHIP