See also:

• HUSS (or Hus), JOHN (c. 1373-1415)

HUSS (or Hus), See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN (c. 1373-1415)  , Bohemian reformer and See also:

• MARTYR (Gr. pimp or µaprvs)

martyr, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Hussinecz,' a See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market See also:

• VILLAGE

village at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the Btihmerwald, and not far from the Bavarian frontier, between 1373 and 1375, the exact date being uncertain . His parents appear to have been well-to-do Czechs of the See also:

• PEASANT (O. Fr. paysant, Mod. paysan; Lat. pagensis, belonging to the pagus or country; cf. " pagan ")

peasant class . Of his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• LIFE

life nothing is recorded except that, notwithstanding the early loss of his See also:

• FATHER

father, he obtained a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good elementary See also:

• EDUCATION

education, first at Hussinecz, and afterwards at the neighbouring See also:

• TOWN

town of Prachaticz . At, or only a very little beyond, the usual See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age he entered the recently (1348) founded university of See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague, where he became See also:

• BACHELOR (from Med. Lat. baccalarius, with its late and rare variant baccalaris—cf. Ital. baccalare—through O. Fr. bacheler)

bachelor of arts in 1393, bachelor of See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology in 1394, and See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of arts in 1396 . In 1398 he was chosen by the Bohemian " nation " of the university to an examinership for the bachelor's degree; in the same See also:

• YEAR

year he began to lecture also, and there is See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to believe that the philosophical writings of Wycliffe, with which he had been for some years acquainted, were his See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text-books . In See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1401 he was made See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

dean of the philosophical See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty, and for the See also:

• HALF

half-yearly See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period from October 1402 to See also:

• APRIL

April 1403 he held the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of the university . In 1402 also he was made rector or See also:

• CURATE (from the Lat. curare, to take care of)

curate (capellarius) of the See also:

• BETHLEHEM
• BETHLEHEM (Heb. " House of Bread," or, according to a more questionable etymology, " of [the god] Lakhmu ")

Bethlehem See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel, which had in 1391 been erected and endowed by some zealous citizens of Prague for the purpose of providing good popular See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching in the Bohemian See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue . This appoinment had a deep See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence on the already vigorous religious life of See also:

• HUSS (or Hus), JOHN (c. 1373-1415)

Huss himself; and one of the effects of the See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest and See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent study of Scripture into which it led him was a profound conviction of the See also:

• GREAT

great value not only of the philosophical but also of the theological writings of Wycliffe . This newly-formed sympathy with the See also:

• ENGLISH

English reformer did' not, in the first instance at least, involve Huss in any conscious opposition to the established doctrines of Catholicism, or in any See also:

• DIRECT

direct conflict with the authorities of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church; and for % From which the name Huss, or more properly Hus, an See also:

• ABBREVIATION (Lat. brevis, short)

abbreviation adopted by himself about 1396, is derived . See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

Prior to that date he was invariably known as Johann Hussynecz, Hussinecz, Hussenicz or de Hussynecz . several years he continued to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act in full See also:

• ACCORD (from Fr. accorder, to agree)

accord with his See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop (Sbynjek, or Sbynko, of Hasenburg) . Thus in 1405 he, with other two masters, was commissioned to examine into certain reputed miracles at Wilsnack, near See also:

• WITTENBERG

Wittenberg, which had caused that church to be made a, resort of pilgrims from all parts of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe .

The result of their See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report was that all See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage thither from the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Bohemia was prohibited by the archbishop on See also:

• PAIN (from Lat. poena, Gr. robin, penalty, that which must be paid: O. Fr. peine)
• PAIN, BARRY (1867– )

pain of See also:

• EXCOMMUNICATION (Lat. ex, out of, away from; communis, common)

excommunication, while Huss, with the full See also:

• SANCTION (Lat. sanctia, from sancire, to decree or ordain)

sanction of his See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior, gave to the See also:

• WORLD

world his first published See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing, entitled De Omni Sanguine Christi Glorificato, in which he declaimed in no measured terms against forged miracles and ecclesiastical greed, urging Christians at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to desist from looking for sensible signs of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ's presence, but rather to seek Him in His enduring word . More than once also Huss, together with his friend See also:

• STANISLAUS

Stanislaus of See also:

• ZNAIM (Czech Znojmo)

Znaim, was appointed to be See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod preacher, and in this capacity he delivered at the provincial See also:

• COUNCILS

councils of Bohemia many faithful admonitions . As early as the z8th of May 1403, it is true, there had been held a university disputation about the new doctrines of Wycliffe, which had resulted in the condemnation of certain propositions presumed to be his; five years later (May zo, 1408) this decision had been refined into a See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration that these, See also:

• FORTY

forty-five in number, were not to be taught in any heretical, erroneous or offensive sense . But it was only slowly that the growing sympathy of Huss with Wycliffe unfavourably affected his relations with his colleagues in the priesthood . In 1408, however, the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and archiepiscopal See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese of Prague laid before the archbishop a formal complaint against Huss, arising out of strong expressions with regard to clerical abuses of which he had made use in his public discourses; and the result was that, having been first deprived of his See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment as synodal preacher, he was, after a vain See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to defend himself in writing, publicly forbidden the exercise of any priestly See also:

• FUNCTION

function throughout the diocese . Simultaneously with these proceedings in Bohemia, negotiations had been going on for the removal of the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long-continued papal See also:

• SCHISM

schism, and it had become apparent that a satisfactory See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution could only be secured if, as seemed not impossible, the supporters of the See also:

• RIVAL

rival popes, See also:

• BENEDICT (BENEDICTUS)
• BENEDICT, SIR JULIUS (1804-1885)

Benedict XIII. and See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory XII., could be induced, in view of the approaching See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• PISA
• PISA, COUNCIL OF (1409)

Pisa, to See also:

• PLEDGE

pledge themselves to a strict See also:

• NEUTRALITY

neutrality . With this end See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• WENCESLAUS (1361-1419)

Wenceslaus of Bohemia had requested the co-operation of the archbishop and his clergy, and also the support of the university, in both instances unsuccessfully, although in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of the latter the Bohemian " nation," with Huss at its See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, had only been overborne by the votes of the Bavarians, See also:

• SAXONS

Saxons and Poles . There followed an expression of nationalist and particularistic as opposed to ultramontane and also to See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German feeling, which undoubtedly was of supreme importance for the whole of the subsequent career of Huss . In compliance with this feeling a royal See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

edict (See also:

• JANUARY

January 18, 1409) was issued, by which, in alleged conformity with See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris usage, and with the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter of the university, the Bohemian " nation " received three votes, while only one was allotted to the other three " nations " combined; whereupon all the foreigners, to the number of several thousands, almost immediately withdrew from Prague, an occurrence which led to the formation shortly afterwards of the university of See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig . It was a dangerous See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph for Huss; for his popularity at See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court and in the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general community had been secured only at the See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price of clerical antipathy everywhere and of much German See also:

• ILL

ill-will . Among the first results of the changed See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of things were on the one See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of Huss (October 1409) to be again rector of the university, but on the other hand the appointment by the archbishop of an inquisitor to inquire into charges of heretical teaching and inflammatory preaching brought against him . He had spoken disrespectfully of the church, it was said, had even hinted that See also:

• ANTICHRIST (avrixpu ros)

Antichrist might be found to be in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, had fomented in his preaching the See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel between Bohemians and Germans, and had, notwithstanding all that had passed, continued to speak of Wycliffe as both a pious See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man and an orthodox teacher .

The direct result of this investigation is not known, but it is impossible to disconnect from it thepromulgation by See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander V., on the zoth of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1409, of a See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull which ordered the See also:

• ABJURATION (from Lat. abjurare, to forswear)

abjuration of all Wycliffite heresies and the surrender of all his books, while at the same time—a measure specially levelled at the See also:

• PULPIT (from Lat. pulpitum, a staging, platform: equivalents are Fr. chaire d'eglise, Ital. pulpito, Ger. Kanzel)

pulpit of Bethlehem chapel—all preaching was prohibited except in localities which' had been by long usage set apart for that use . This See also:

• DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree, as soon as it was published in Prague (See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 9, 1410), led to much popular agitation, and provoked an See also:

• APPEAL

appeal by Huss to the pope's better informed See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment; the archbishop, however, resolutely insisted on carrying out his instructions, and in the following See also:

• JULY

July caused to be publicly burned, in the courtyard of his own See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace, upwards of 200 volumes of the writings of Wycliffe, while he pronounced See also:

• SOLEMN (Lat. sollemnis, sollemnis, less correctly solennis, yearly, annual; from sollus = totus, whole, entire, Gr. Mos., and annus, year)

solemn See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence of excommunication against Huss and certain of his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends, who had in the meantime again protested and appealed to the new pope (See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• XXIII

XXIII.) . Again the populace See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose on behalf of their See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero, who, in his turn, strong in the conscientious conviction that " in the things which pertain to salvation See also:

• GOD

God is to be obeyed rather than man," continued uninterruptedly to preach in the Bethlehem chapel, and in the university began publicly to defend the so-called heretical See also:

• TREATISES

treatises of Wycliffe, while from king and See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen, nobles and burghers, a See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition was sent to Rome praying that the condemnation and See also:

• PROHIBITION (Lat. prohibere, to prevent)

prohibition in the bull of Alexander V. might be quashed . Negotiations were carried on for some months, but in vain; in March 141 1 the See also:

• BAN

ban was anew pronounced upon Huss as a disobedient son of the church, while the magistrates and councillors of Prague who had favoured him were threatened with a similar See also:

• PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty in case of their giving him a contumacious support . Ultimately the whole city, which continued to See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour him, was laid under See also:

• INTERDICT (Lat. interdictum, from interdicere, to forbid by decree, lit., interpose by speech)

interdict; yet he went on preaching, and masses were celebrated as usual, so that at the date of Archbishop Sbynko's See also:

• DEATH

death in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1411, it seemed as if the efforts of ecclesiastical authority had resulted in See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute failure . The struggle, however, entered on a new phase with the See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance at Prague in May 1412 of the papal emissary charged with the See also:

• PROCLAMATION (Lat. proclamare, to make public by announcement)

proclamation of the papal bulls by which a religious See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war was decreed against the excommunicated King See also:

• LADISLAUS [I.]

Ladislaus of See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples, and See also:

• INDULGENCE (Lat. indulgentia, indulgere, to grant, concede)

indulgence was promised to all who should take See also:

• PART

part in it, on terms similar to those which had been enjoyed by the earlier crusaders to the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• LAND

Land . By his bold and thorough-going opposition to this mode of See also:

• PROCEDURE (Fr. procedure, from Lat. procedere, to go for-ward)

procedure against Ladislaus, and still more by his See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine that indulgence could never be sold without See also:

• SIMONY

simony; and could not be lawfully granted by the church except on See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of genuine contrition and repentance, Huss at last isolated himself, not only from the archiepiscopal party under Albik of Unitschow, but also from the theological faculty of the university, and especially from such men as Stanislaus of Znaim and See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen Paletz, who until then had been his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief supporters . A popular demonstration, in which the papal bulls had been paraded through the streets with circumstances of See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar ignominy and finally burnt, led to intervention by Wenceslaus on behalf of public order; three See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young men, for having openly asserted the unlawfulness of the papal indulgence after silence had been enjoined, were sentenced to death (See also:

• JUNE

June 1412); the excommunication against Huss was renewed, and the interdict again laid on all places which should give him shelter—a measure which now began to be more strictly regarded by the clergy, so that in the following December Huss had no alternative but to yield to the See also:

• EXPRESS (through the French from the past participle of the Lat. exprimere, to press out, by transference used of representing objects in painting or sculpture, or of thoughts, &c. in words)

express wish of the king by temporarily withdrawing from Prague . A provincial synod, held at the instance of Wenceslaus in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1413, See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke up without having reached any See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical result; and a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission appointed shortly afterwards also failed to bring about a reconciliation between Huss and his adversaries . The so-called heretic meanwhile spent his time partly at Kozihradek, some 45 M. See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of Prague, and partly at Krakowitz in the immediate neighbourhood of the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital, occasionally giving a course of open-See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air preaching, but finding his chief employment in maintaining that copious See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence of which some See also:

• PRECIOUS (O. Fr. precios, mod. precieux, Lat. pretiosus, of high value or price, pretium)

precious fragments still are extant, and in the See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition of the See also:

• TREATISE

treatise, De See also:

• ECCLESIA (Gr. EKKX ria, from Lc, out, and Ka)teiv, to call)

Ecclesia, which subsequently furnished most of the material for the capital charges brought against him, and was formerly considered the most important of his See also:

• WORKS

works, though it is mainly a transcript of Wycliffe's See also:

• WORK

work of the same name . During the year 1413 the arrangements for the See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting of a general council at See also:

• CONSTANCE
• CONSTANCE (Ger. Konstanz or Costnitz)
• CONSTANCE, COUNCIL OF
• CONSTANCE, LAKE OF (called by the Romans Lacus Brigantinus or lake of Bregenz, and now usually named in German Bodensee, as well as the " Swabian Sea ")

Constance were agreed upon between See also:

• SIGISMUND (1368-1437)

Sigismund and Pope John XXIII . The See also:

• OBJECTS

objects originally contemplated had been the restoration of the unity of the church and its reform in head and members; but so great had become the prominence of Bohemian affairs that to these also a first See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the See also:

• PROGRAMME, or PROGRAM

programme of the approaching See also:

• OECUMENICAL (through the Lat. from Gr. oiKOVµevI.KOS, universal, belonging to the whole inhabited world, i] oiKovµtvf sc. y;7, aides, to dwell)

oecumenical See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly required to be assigned, and for their satisfactory See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement the presence of Huss was necessary .

His attendance was accordingly requested, and the invitation was willingly accepted as giving him a long-wished-for opportunity both of publicly vindicating himself from charges which he See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt to be grievous, and of loyally making See also:

• CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

confession for Christ . He set out from Bohemia on the 14th of October 1414, not, however, until he had carefully ordered all his private affairs, with a presentiment, which he did not conceal, that in all See also:

• PROBABILITY (Lat. probabilis, probable or credible)

probability he was going to his death . The See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey, which appears to have been under-taken with the usual See also:

• PASSPORT

passport, and under the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of several powerful Bohemian friends (John of Chlum, Wenceslaus of Duba, See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry of Chlum) who accompanied him, was a very prosperous one; and at almost all the halting-places he was received with a See also:

• CONSIDERATION (from Lat. considerare, to look at closely, examine, generally taken to be from con-, and the base seen in sidus, sideris, a star, the word being supposed to be originally an astrological or astronomical term)

consideration and enthusiastic sympathy which he had hardly expected to meet with anywhere in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany . On the 3rd of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November he arrived at Constance; shortly after-wards there was put into his hands the famous imperial " safe conduct," the promise of which had been one of his inducements to quit the See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative See also:

• SECURITY (Lat. securus, free from care, safe)

security he had enjoyed in Bohemia . This safe conduct, which had been frequently printed, stated that Huss should, whatever judgment might be passed on him, be allowed to return freely to Bohemia . This by no means provided for his See also:

• IMMUNITY (from Lat. immunis, not subject to a munus or public service)

immunity from See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment . If faith to him had not been broken he would have been sent back to Bohemia to be punished by his See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign, the king of Bohemia . The treachery of King Sigismund is undeniable, and was indeed admitted by the king himself . The safe conduct was probably indeed given by him to entice Huss to Constance . On the 4th of December the pope appointed a commission of three bishops to investigate the case against the heretic, and to procure witnesses; to the demand of Huss that he might be permitted to employ an See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent in his See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence a favourable See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer was at first given, but afterwards even this concession to the forms of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice was denied . While the commission was engaged in the See also:

• PROSECUTION

prosecution of its enquiries, the See also:

• FLIGHT

flight of Pope John XXIII. took place on the zoth of March, an event which furnished a pretext for the removal of Huss from the Dominican See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent to a more secure and more severe place of confinement under the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Constance at Gottlieben on the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine . On the 4th of May the See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper of the council on the doctrinal questions in dispute was fully revealed in its unanimous condemnation of Wycliffe, especially of the so-called " forty-five articles " as erroneous, heretical, revolutionary .

It was not, however, until the 5th of June that the case of Huss came up for See also:

• HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

hearing; the meeting, which was an exceptionally full one, took place in the See also:

• REFECTORY (med. Lat. refectorium, from reficere, to refresh)

refectory of the Franciscan See also:

• CLOISTER (Lat. claustrum; Fr. cloitre; Ital. chiostro; Span. claustro; Ger. Kloster)

cloister . Autograph copies of his work De Ecclesia and of the controversial tracts which he had written against Paletz and Stanislaus of Znaim having been acknowledged by him, the extracted propositions on which the prosecution based their charge of See also:

• HERESY

heresy were read; but as soon as the accused began to enter upon his defence, he was assailed by violent outcries, amidst which it was impossible for him to be heard, so that he was compelled to bring his speech to an abrupt See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close, which he did with the See also:

• CALM

calm remark: " In such a council as this I had expected to find more propriety, piety and order." It was found necessary to adjourn the sitting until the 7th of June, on which occasion the outward decencies were better observed, partly no doubt from the circumstance that Sigismund was See also:

• PRESENT

present in See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person . The propositions which had been extracted from the De Ecclesia were again brought up, and the relations between Wycliffe and Huss were discussed,the See also:

• OBJECT

object of the prosecution being to fasten upon the latter the charge of having entirely adopted the doctrinal See also:

• SYSTEM

system of the former, including especially a denial of the doctrine of See also:

• TRANSUBSTANTIATION

transubstantiation . The accused repudiated the charge of having abandoned the See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic doctrine, while expressing hearty admiration and respect for the memory of Wycliffe . Being next asked to make an unqualified submission to the council, he expressed himself as unable to do so, while stating his willingness to amend his teaching wherever it had been shown to be false . With this the proceedings of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day were brought to a close . On the 8th of June the propositions extracted from the De Ecclesia were again taken up with some fulness of detail; some of these he repudiated as incorrectly given, others he defended; but when asked to make a general recantation he steadfastly declined, on the ground that to do so would be a dishonest See also:

• ADMISSION

admission of previous See also:

• GUILT

guilt . Among the propositions he could heartily abjure was that See also:

• RELATING

relating to transubstantiation; among those he felt constrained unflinchingly to maintain was one which had given great offence, to the effect that Christ, not See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter, is the head of the church to whom ultimate appeal must be made . The council, however, showed itself inaccessible to all his arguments and explanations, and its final See also:

• RESOLUTION

resolution, as announced by See also:

• PIERRE

Pierre d'See also:

• AILLY, PIERRE

Ailly, was threefold: first, that Huss should humbly declare that he had erred in all the articles cited against him; secondly, that he should promise on See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath neither to hold nor See also:

• TEACH [THATCH OR THACH], EDWARD (d. 1718)

teach them in the future; thirdly, that he should publicly recant them . On his declining to make this submission he was removed from the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar . Sigismund himself gave it as his See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion that it had been clearly proved by many witnesses that the accused had taught many pernicious heresies, and that even should he recant he ought never to be allowed to preach or teach again or to return to Bohemia, but that should he refuse recantation there was no remedy but the stake . During the next four See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks no effort was spared to shake the determination of Huss; but he steadfastly refused to swerve from the path which See also:

• CONSCIENCE (Lat. con-scientia, literally " knowledge of a thing shared with another person " or " complete knowledge," and derivatively " consciousness in general)
• CONSCIENCE, HENDRIK (1812-1883)

conscience had once made clear .

"I write this," says he, in a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter to his friends at Prague, " in See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison and in chains, expecting to-morrow to receive sentence of death, full of See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope in God that I shall not swerve from the truth, nor abjure errors imputed to me by false witnesses." The sentence he expected was pronounced on the 6th of July in the presence of Sigismund and a full sitting of the council; once and again he attempted to remonstrate, but in vain, and finally he betook himself to silent See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

prayer . After he had under-gone the ceremony of degradation with all the childish formalities usual on such occasions, his soul was formally consigned by all those present to the See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil, while he himself with clasped hands and uplifted eyes reverently committed it to Christ . He was then handed over to the See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm, and immediately led to the place of See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution, the council meanwhile proceeding unconcernedly with the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of its business for the day . Many incidents recorded in the histories make See also:

• MANIFEST (Lat. manifestus, clear, open to view)

manifest the meekness, fortitude and even cheerfulness with which he went to his death . After he had been tied to the stake and the faggots had been piled, he was for the last time urged to recant, but his only reply was: " God is my See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness that I have never taught or preached that which false witnesses have testified against me . He knows that the great object of all my preaching and writing was to convert men from See also:

• SIN
• SIN (O. Eng. syn: a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zonde, Ger. Siinde)

sin . In the truth of that See also:

• GOSPEL (O. Eng. godspel, i.e. good news, a translation of Lat. bona annuntiatio, or evangelium, Gr. evayyeXwv; cf. Goth. iu spillon, " to announce good news," Ulfilas' translation of the Greek, from iu, that which is good, and spellon to announce)

gospel which hitherto I have written, taught and preached, I now. joyfully See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die." The See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire was then kindled, and his See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice as it audibly prayed in the words of the " See also:

• KYRIE (in full kyrie eleison, or eleeson, Gr. Kvpte MEssvov; cf. Ps. cxxii. 3, Matt. xv. 22, &c., meaning " Lord, have mercy ")

Kyrie Eleison " was soon stifled in the See also:

• SMOKE (from O. Eng. smeocan, to smoke, reek, cf. Dutch meek, Ger. Schmauch, probably allied to Gr. vol9caiv)

smoke . When the flames had done their office, the ashes that were See also:

• LEFT

left and even the See also:

• SOIL

soil on which they See also:

• LAY

lay were carefully removed and thrown into the Rhine . Not many words are needed to convey a tolerably adequate estimate of the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character and work of the " See also:

• PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale thin man in mean attire," who in sickness and poverty thus completed the forty-See also:

• SIXTH

sixth year of a busy life at the stake . The value of Huss as a See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar was formerly underrated . The publication of his Super IV . Sententiarum has proved that he was a man of profound learning .

Yet his See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• GLORY (through the O. Fr. glorie, modern gloire, from Lat. gloria, cognate with Gr. KXebs, abets)

glory will always be founded on his spiritual teaching . It might not be easy to formulate precisely the doctrines for which he died, and certainly some of them, as, for example, that regarding the church, were such as many Protestants even would regard as unguarded and difficult to harmonize with the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of See also:

• EXTERNAL

external church order; but his is undoubtedly the See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of having been the chief intermediary in handing on from Wycliffe to See also:

• LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther the See also:

• TORCH (O. Fr. torche, from Med. Lat. tortia, derived from tortus, twisted, torquere, to twist)

torch which kindled the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation, and of having been one of the bravest Of the martyrs who have died in the cause of honesty and freedom, of progress and of growth towards the See also:

• LIGHT

light . (J . S . Bi,.) The works of Huss are usually classed under four heads: the dogmatical and polemical, the homiletical, the exegetical and the epistolary . In the earlier See also:

• EDITIONS

editions of his works sufficient care was not taken to distinguish between his own writings and those of Wycliffe and others who were associated with him . In connexion with his sermons it is worthy of See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note that by means of them and by his public teaching generally Huss exercised a considerable influence not only on the religious life of his time, but on the See also:

• LITERARY

literary development of his native tongue . The earliest collected edition of his works, Historia et monumenta Joannis Hus et Hieronymi Pragensis, was published at See also:

• NUREMBERG (Ger. Nurnberg)

Nuremberg in 1558 and was reprinted with a considerable quantity of new See also:

• MATTER

matter at See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort in 1715 . A Bohemian edition of the works has been edited by K . J . Erben (Prague, 1865-1868), and the Documenta J . Iles vitain, doctrinam, causam in Constantiensi concilio (1869), edited by F .

Palacky, is very valuable . More recently Joannis Hus . See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

Opera amnia have been edited by W . Flojshaus (Prague, 1904 fol.) . The De Ecclesia was published by See also:

• ULRICH

Ulrich von See also:

• HUTTEN, PHILIPP VON (c. 1511—1546)
• HUTTEN, ULRICH VON (1488—1523)

Hutten in 1520; other controversial writings by See also:

• OTTO

Otto Brumfels in 1524; and Luther wrote an interesting See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface to Epistolae Quaedam, which were published in 1537 . These Epistolae have been translated into See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French by E. de Bonnechose (1846), and the letters written during his imprisonment have been edited by C. von Kiigelgen (Leipzig, 1902) . The best and most easily accessible See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information for the English reader on Huss is found in J . A . W . See also:

• NEANDER, JOACHIM (1650–1680)
• NEANDER, JOHANN AUGUST WILHELM (1789-1850)

Neander's Allgemeine Geschichte der christlichen See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

Religion and Kirche, translated by J . See also:

• TORREY, JOHN (1796—1873)

Torrey (1850–1858) ; in G. von See also:

• LECHLER, GOTTHARD VICTOR (1811–1888)

Lechler's Wiclif and die Vorgeschichte der Reformation, translated by P . Lorimer (1878); in H .

H . See also:

• MILMAN, HENRY HART (1791–1868)

Milman's See also:

• HISTORY

History of Latin See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity, vol. viii . (1867); and in M . See also:

• CREIGHTON, MANDELL (1843—1901)

Creighton's History of the Papacy (1897) . Among the earlier authorities is the Historia Bohemaca of See also:

• AENEAS

Aeneas Sylvius (1475) . The Acta of the council of Constance (published by P . Labbe in his Concilia, vol. xvi., 1731; by H. von der Haardt in his Magnum Constantiense concilium, vol. vi., 1700; and by H . Finke in his Acta concilii Constantiensis, 1896); and J . See also:

• LENFANT, JACQUES (1661–1728)

Lenfant's Histoire de la guerre See also:

• DES

des See also:

• HUSSITES

Hussites (1731) and the same writer's Histoire du concile de Constance (1714) should be consulted . F . Palacky's Geschichte Bohmens (1864–1867) is also very useful . Monographs on Huss are very numerous .

Among them may be mentioned J . A. von Helfert, Studien caber Hus and Hieronymus (1853; this work is ultramontane in its sympathies); C. von Hofler, Hus and der Abzug der deutschen Professoren and Studenten aus Prag (1864); W . Berger, Johannes has and See also:

• KONIG, KARL RUDOLPH (1832-1901)

Konig Sigmund (1871); E . See also:

• DENIS (DIoNysms), SAINT
• DENIS, JOHANN NEPOMUK COSMAS MICHAEL (1729-1800)

Denis, Huss et la guerre des Hussites (1878); P . Uhlmann, Konig Sigmunds Geleit See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur Hus (1894); J . Loserth, Hus and Wiclif (1884), translated into English by M . J . See also:

• EVANS, CHRISTMAS (1766-1838)
• EVANS, EVAN HERBER (1836-1896)
• EVANS, OLIVER (1755–1819)
• EVANS, SIR GEORGE DE LACY (1787–1870)
• EVANS, SIR JOHN (1823-1908)

Evans (1884); A . Jeep, See also:

• GERSON, JOHN (1363—1429)

Gerson, Wiclefus, Hussus, inter se comparati (1857); and G. von Lechler, Johannes Hus (1889) . See also See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count See also:

• LUTZOW, ADOLF, FREIHERR VON (1782-1834)

Lutzow, The Life and Times of John Has (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1909) .