HYDER See also:

• ALI

ALI, or HAIDAR  'See also:

• ALI

ALI (c . 1722-1782), See also:

• INDIAN

Indian ruler and See also:

• COMMANDER

commander . This See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan soldier-adventurer, who, followed by his son Tippoo, became the most formidable See also:

• ASIATIC

Asiatic See also:

• RIVAL

rival the See also:

• BRITISH

British ever encountered in See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, was the See also:

• GREAT

great-See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of a See also:

• FAKIR (from Arabic faqir, " poor ")

fakir or wandering ascetic of See also:

• ISLAM

Islam, who had found his way from the See also:

• PUNJAB

Punjab to Gulburga in the See also:

• DECCAN (Sans. Dakshina, " the South ")

Deccan, and the second sen of a See also:

• NAIK, or NAYAK

naik or See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

constable at Budikota, near See also:

• KOLAR

Kolar in See also:

• MYSORE

Mysore . He was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1722, or according to other authorities 1717 . An See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHER

brother, who like himself was See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early turned out into the See also:

• WORLD

world to seek his own See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune, See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to command a See also:

• BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade in the Mysore See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, while Hyder, who never learned to read or write, passed the first years of his See also:

• LIFE

life aimlessly in See also:

• SPORT (a contracted or shortened form of "disport," to amuse, divert oneself, O. Fr. se dis porter or deporter, to leave off work, hence to play, Lat. dis-, away, and portare, to carry; the origin of the meaning lies in the notion of turning away from ser

sport and sensuality, sometimes, however, acting as the See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent of his brother, and meanwhile acquiring a useful familiarity with the See also:

• TACTICS (Gr. TaeTOc*, sc. TEXvnI, from TavQecv, to arrange in order of battle)

tactics of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French when at the height of . their reputation under See also:

• DUPLEIX, JOSEPH FRANCOIS (1697-1763)

Dupleix . He is said to have induced his brother to employ a Parsee to See also:

• PURCHASE

purchase See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery and small arms from the Bombay See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, and to enrol some See also:

• THIRTY

thirty sailors of different See also:

• EUROPEAN

European nations as gunners, and is thus credited with having been " the first Indian who formed a See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps of sepoys armed with See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire-locks and bayonets, and who had a See also:

• TRAIN (M. Eng. trayn or trayne, derived through Fr. from Late Lat. trahinare, to drag, draw, Lat. trahere, cf. trail, trace, ultimately from the same source)

train of artillery served by Europeans." At the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of Devanhalli (1749) Hyder's services attracted the See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention of Nanjiraj, the See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the See also:

• RAJA

raja of Mysore, and he at once received an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent command; within the next twelve years his See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy and ability had made him completely See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of minister and raja alike, and in every-thing but in name he was ruler of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . In 1763 the See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest of See also:

• KANARA, or CANARA

Kanara gave him See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the treasures of Bednor, which he resolved to make the most splendid See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital in India, under his own name, thenceforth changed from Hyder Naik into Hyder Ali See also:

• KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

Khan Bahadur; and in 1765 he retrieved previous defeat at the hands of the See also:

• MAHRATTAS

Mahrattas by the destruction of the Nairs or military See also:

• CASTE (through the Fr. from Span. and Port. casta, lineage, Lat. cast us, pure)

caste of the See also:

• MALABAR

Malabar See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast, and the conquest of See also:

• CALICUT

Calicut . See also:

• RYDER, ALBERT PINKHAM (1847– )

Ryder Ali now began to occupy the serious attention of the See also:

• MADRAS

Madras government, which in 1766 entered into an agreement with the See also:

• NIZAM

nizam to furnish him with troops to be used against the See also:

• COMMON

common foe . But hardly had this See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance been formed when a See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret arrangement was come to between the two Indian See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers, the result of which was that See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith's small force was met with a See also:

• UNITED

united army of 80,000 men and Too guns . British dash and See also:

• SEPOY

sepoy fidelity, however, prevailed, first in the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Chengam (See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 3rd, 1767), and again still more remarkably in that of Tiruvannamalai ('1'rinomalai) . On the loss of his recently made See also:

• FLEET

fleet and forts on the western coast, Hyder Ali now offered overtures for See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace; on the rejection of these, bringing all his resources and See also:

• STRATEGY

strategy into See also:

• PLAY

play, he forced Colonel Smith to raise the siege of See also:

• BANGALORE

Bangalore, and brought his army within 5 M. of Madras . The result was the treaty of See also:

• APRIL

April 1769, providing for the mutual restitution of all conquests, and for mutual aid and alliance in defensive See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war; it was followed by a commercial treaty in 1770 with the authorities of Bombay .

Under these arrangements Hyder Ali, when defeated by the Mahrattas in 1772, claimed British assistance, but In vain; this See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach of faith stung him to fury, and thenceforward he and his son did not cease to thirst for vengeance . His See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time came when in 1778 the British, on the See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration of war with See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, resolved to drive the French out of India . The See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• MAHE

Mahe on the coast of Malabar in 1779, followed by the See also:

• ANNEXATION (Lat. ad, to, and nexus, joining)

annexation of lands belonging to a dependent of his own, gave him the needed pretext . Again master of all that the Mahrattas had taken from him, and with See also:

• EMPIRE

empire extended to the See also:

• KISTNA (or KRISHNA)
• KISTNA, or KRISHNA

Kistna, he descended through the passes of the See also:

• GHATS, or GHAUTS (literally " the Landing Stairs " from the sea, or " Passes ")

Ghats amid burning villages, reaching See also:

• CONJEEVERAM, KANCHIPURAM

Conjeeveram, only 45 M. from Madras, unopposed . Not till the See also:

• SMOKE (from O. Eng. smeocan, to smoke, reek, cf. Dutch meek, Ger. Schmauch, probably allied to Gr. vol9caiv)

smoke was seen from St See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas's See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount, where See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• HECTOR

Hector See also:

• MUNRO, HUGH ANDREW JOHNSTONE (1819-1885)
• MUNRO, MUNRO
• MUNRO, SIR HECTOR (1726-1805)
• MUNRO, SIR THOMAS (1761-1827)

Munro commanded some 5200 troops, was any See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement made; then, however, the British See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general sought to effect a junction with a smaller See also:

• BODY

body under Colonel See also:

• BAILLIE, JOANNA (1762-1851)
• BAILLIE, LADY GRIZEL (1665-1746)
• BAILLIE, ROBERT (1602-1662)
• BAILLIE, ROBERT (d. 1684)

Baillie recalled from Guntur . The incapacity of these See also:

• OFFICERS

officers, notwithstanding the splendid courage of their men, resulted in the See also:

• TOTAL

total destruction of Baillie's force of 2800 (September the loth, 1780) . See also:

• WARREN
• WARREN, GOUVERNEUR KEMBLE (183o-1882)
• WARREN, JOSEPH (1741—1775)
• WARREN, MERCY (1728—1814)
• WARREN, MINTON (1850-1907)
• WARREN, SAMUEL (1807-1877)
• WARREN, SIR JOHN BORLASE, BART
• WARREN, WILLIAM (1812-1888)

Warren See also:

• HASTINGS
• HASTINGS, FRANCIS
• HASTINGS, FRANK ABNEY (1794-1828)
• HASTINGS, WARREN (1732-1818)

Hastings sent from See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal Sir See also:

• EYRE, EDWARD JOHN (1815-1901)
• EYRE, SIR JAMES (1734-1799)

Eyre See also:

• COOTE, SIR EYRE (1726-1783)

Coote, who, though repulsed at See also:

• CHIDAMBARAM, or CHEDUMBRUM

Chidambaram, defeated Hyder thrice successively in the battles of See also:

• PORTO

Porto Novo, Pollilur and Sholingarh, while Tippoo was forced to raise the siege of See also:

• WANDIWASH

Wandiwash, and See also:

• VELLORE

Vellore was provisioned . On the arrival of See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• MACARTNEY, GEORGE MACARTNEY, EARL (1737-1806)

Macartney as See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Madras, the British fleet captured See also:

• NEGAPATAM

Negapatam, and forced Hyder Ali to confess that he could never ruin a See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power which had command of the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . He had sent his son Tippoo to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west coast, to seek the assistance of the French fleet, when his See also:

• DEATH

death took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place suddenly at See also:

• CHITTUR

Chittur in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1782 . See L . B . See also:

• BOWRING, SIR JOHN (1792-1872)

Bowring, Haidar Ali and Tipu See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan, " Rulers of India " See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series (1893) .

For the See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character and See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of Hyder Ali see the See also:

• HISTORY

History of Hyder Naik, written by Mir Hussein Ali Khan Kirmani (translated from the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian by Colonel See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

Miles, and published by the See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental See also:

• TRANSLATION

Translation Fund), and the curious See also:

• WORK

work written by M . Le Maitre de La Tour, commandant of his artillery (Histoire d'Hayder-Ali Khan, See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1783) . For the whole life and times see Wilks, See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical Sketches of the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South of India (1810—1817) ; itchison's See also:

• TREATIES

Treaties, vol. v . (2nd e d., 1876; ; and See also:

• PEARSON, CHARLES HENRY (1830-1894)
• PEARSON, JOHN (1612-1686)
• PEARSON, JOHN LOUGHBOROUGH (1817-1897)

Pearson, See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of Schwartz (1834) .