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See also: born in Alexandria, was the daughter of See also: Theon, also a mathematician and philosopher, author of scholia on See also: Euclid and a commentary on the Almagest, in which it is suggested that he was assisted by See also: Hypatia (on the 3rd See also: book)
.
After lecturing in her native city, Hypatia ultimately became the recognized See also: head of the Neoplatonic school there (c
.
400)
.
Her See also: great eloquence and rare modesty and beauty, combined with her remarkable intellectual gifts, attracted to her class-See also: room a large number of pupils
.
Among these was See also: Synesius, afterwards (c
.
41o) See also: bishop of Ptolemais, several of whose letters to her, full of chivalrous admiration and reverence, are still extant
.
Suidas, misled by an incomplete excerpt in See also: Photius from the See also: life of Isidorus (the Neoplatonist) by See also: Damascius. states that Hypatia
was the wife of Isidorus; but this is chronologically impossible, since Isidorus could not have been born before 434 (see See also: Hoche in Philologus)
.
Shortly after the accession of Cyril to the patriarch-See also: ate of Alexandria in 412, owing to her intimacy with See also: Orestes, the See also: pagan See also: prefect of the city, Hypatia was barbarously murdered by the Nitrian monks and the fanatical Christian See also: mob (See also: March 415)
.
See also: Socrates has related how she was torn from her chariot, dragged to the Caesareum (then a Christian See also: church), stripped naked, done to
See also: death with See also: oyster-shells (bvrpaxots aveIXov, perhaps " cut her throat ") and finally burnt piecemeal
.
Most prominent among the actual perpetrators of the See also: crime was one See also: Peter, a reader; but there seems little reason to doubt Cyril's complicity (see CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA)
.
Hypatia, according to Suidas, was the author of commentaries on the Arithmetica of See also: Diophantus of Alexandria, on the Conics of See also: Apollonius of See also: Perga and on the astronomical See also: canon (of See also: Ptolemy)
.
These See also: works are lost; but their titles, combined with expressions in the letters of Synesius, who consulted her about the construction of an astrolabe and a hydroscope, indicate that she devoted herself specially to astronomy and See also: mathematics
.
Little is known of her philosophical opinions, but she appears to have embraced the intellectual rather than the mystical See also: side of See also: Neoplatonism, and to have been a follower of See also: Plotinus rather than of Porphyry and Iamblichus
.
See also: Zeller, however, in his Outlines of See also: Greek Philosophy (1886, Eng. trans. p
.
347), states that " she appears to have taught the Neoplatonic See also: doctrine in the See also: form in which Iamblichus had stated it." A Latin letter to Cyril on behalf of See also: Nestorius, printed in the Collectio nova conciliorum, i
.
(1623), by Stephanus Baluzius (Etienne Baluzs, q.v.), and sometimes attributed to her, is undoubtedly See also: spurious
.
The See also: story of Hypatia appears in a considerably disguised yet still recognizable form in the See also: legend of St See also: Catherine as recorded in the See also: Roman Breviary (See also: November 25), and still more fully in the Martyrologies (see A.B
.
See also: Jameson, Sacred and Legendary See also: Art (1867) U
.
467
.
The chief source for the little we know about Hypatia is the account given by Socrates (Hist. ecclesiastica, vii
.
15)
.
She is the subject of an See also: epigram by Palladas in the Greek See also: Anthology (ix
.
400)
.
See l abricius, Bibliotheca Graeca (ed
.
Harles), ix . 187; See also: John Toland, Tetradymus (1720); R
.
Hoche in Philologus (186o), xv
.
435; monographs by
See also: Stephan See also: Wolf (See also: Czernowitz, 1879), H
.
Ligier (See also: Dijon, 188o) and W
.
A
.
See also: Meyer (See also: Heidelberg, 1885), who devotes See also: attention to the relation of Hypatia to the chief representatives of Neoplatonism; J
.
B
.
See also: Bury, Hist. of the Later Roman See also: Empire (1889), i
.
208, 317 ; A
.
Gtfl enpenningg, Geschichte See also: des ostromischen Reiches unter See also: Arcadius and See also: Theodosius II
.
(See also: Halle, 1885), p
.
230; Wetzer and Welte, Kirchenlexikon, vi . (1889), from a Catholic standpoint . The story of Hypatia also forms the basis of the well-knownSee also: historical See also: romance by See also: Charles
See also: Kingsley
(1853)
.
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